Lymphocytes chemoattraction

Biemacki K, Prat A, Blain M, Antel JP (2001) Regulation of Thl and Th2 lymphocyte migration by human adult brain endothelial cells. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 60 1127-1136 Bleul CC, Farzan M, Choe H, Parolin C, Clark-Lewis I, Sodroski J, Springer TA (1996a) The lymphocyte chemoattractant SDF-1 is a ligand for LESTR/fusin and blocks HIV-1 entry. Nature 382 829-833... 

Bleul CC, Fuhlbrigge RC, Casasnovas JM, Aiuti A, Springer TA. A highly efficacious lymphocyte chemoattractant, stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1). J Exp Med 1996 184 1101-9. 

Finally, Santiago et al. (47) demonstrated that lymphocyte chemoattraction induced by rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid is independent of CCR5. They showed that T cells from individuals with CCR5 delta 32 mutation (a 32-base-pair frameshift deletion resulting in absent CCR5 expression) migrate normally to chemokines present in the synovial fluids of RA patients (47). 

Bleul CC, Farzan M, Choe H, et al. The lymphocyte chemoattractant SDF-1 is a ligand for LESTR/fusin and blocks HIV-1 entry. Nature 1996 382(6594) 829-833. 

IL-16. IL-16 was originally described as a lymphocyte chemoattractant factor (C4). It is produced by CD8+ T cells upon induction of lectins, histamine, or serotonin (LI). It is also produced by CD4+ T cells stimulated with lectins, antigen, or anti-CD3 antibodies (C5) and from eosinophils (L13), epithelial cells (C5), and mast cells (R8). Recently, IL-16 has been found to induce eosinophil chemotaxis (CIO), and plasma IL-16 is elevated in allergic rhinitis (PH). 

Rand, T.H., Cmikshank, W.W., Center, D.M., Weller, P.F. (1991a). CD4-mediated stimulation of human eosinophils lymphocyte chemoattractant factor and other CD4-binding ligands elicit eosinophil migration. J. Exp. Med. 173, 1521-1528. 

Human eosinophils were found to elaborate chemoattractants for lymphocytes (Lim etal., 1994). Eosinophils contained mRNA transcripts for LCF and RANTES detectable by RT-PCR amplification and released bioactive LCF neutralized both by antibodies to LCF and CD4, the LCF receptor on migrating lymphocytes (Lim et al., 1994). In addition, eosinophils released RANTES protein detectable by ELISA and by functional lymphocyte migration assay. Thus, eosinophils are a source of cytokines capable of specificaUy affecting the function of CD4 lymphocytes. The recognition that eosinophils are a source of lymphocyte chemoattractant activity identifies an additional mechanism whereby eosinophils may contribute to lymphocyte responses. Since eosinophils are recruited early in certain allergic inflammatory immune responses, the release of LCF and RANTES by human eosinophils may enable eosinophils to recruit and activate not only other eosinophils but also CD4 lymphocytes (Lim etal., 1994). 

Lim, K., Wan, H., Resnick, M., Wong, D., Cruikshank, WL, Center, D. and Weller, P. (1995). Human eosinophils elaborate lymphocyte chemoattractant cytokines RANTES and lymphocyte chemoattractant factor. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl Immunol in press. 

Cruikshank WW, Long A, Tarpy RE, et al. Early identification of interleukin-16 (lymphocyte chemoattractant factor) and macrophage inflamma-... 

Laberge S, Crulkshank WW, Beer DJ, Center DM. Secretion of IL-16 (lymphocyte chemoattractant factor) from serotonm-stimulated CD 8" T cells in vitro. J Immuno 1996 156 310-5. 

Lim KG, Wan HC, Bozza PT, et al. Human eosinophils elaborate the lymphocyte chemoattractants. IL-16 (lymphocyte chemoattractant factor) and RANTES. J Immuno 1996 156 2566-70. 

Carr MW, Roth SJ, Luther E, Rose SS, Springer TA. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 acts as a T-lymphocyte chemoattractant. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994 91 3652-3656. 

Balabanian, K., Foussat, A., Bouchet-Delbos, L., Couderc, J., Krzysiek, R., Amara, A., Baleux, F., Portier, A., Galanaud, P., and Fmilie, D. (2002) lnterleukin-10 modulates the sensitivity of peritoneal B lymphocytes to chemokines with opposite effects on stromal cell-derived factor-1 and B-lymphocyte chemoattractant. Blood, 99, 427-436. 

We do not yet know from these studies whether purported functions for MCP-1 as a lymphocyte chemoattractant and as a histamine releasing factor extend in vivo. This may be more a limitation of the overexpression technique rather than a lack of bioefficacy in vivo. 

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