Phenotype cells

Rennick RE, Connat JL, Burnstock G, Rothery S, Severs NJ, Green CR Expression of connexin 43 gap junctions between cultured vascular smooth muscle cells is dependent upon phenotype. Cell Tissue Res 1993 271 323-332. 

Malosio, M. L., Giordano, T., Laslop, A., and Meldolesi, J. (2004). Dense-core granules A specific hallmark of the neuronal/neurosecretory cell phenotype.. Cell Sci. 117, 743—749. 

Gene Viability Mutant phenotype Cell death phenotype Cardiac phenotype References... 

Many of the natural compounds isolated and characterised in the past underwent a very limited biological profiling, i.e. they were usually tested only in antibacterial and/or antifungal assays. This applies particularly to the thousands of natural products isolated and characterised by academic groups. Testing of such compounds in biochemical target-based assays or in modern phenotypical cell-based assays should reveal new biological activities and many new applications. 

Small molecule carbohydrates, lipids, natural products, drugs, drug-like molecules synthesis platform, ligand discovery, antibody binding screens, enzymatic assays, phenotypic cell-based screens, diagnostics, target deconvolution 12, 14-16, 21, 22, 25-32, 39, 40, 43, 44, 46, 48, 53, 55-65, 78... 

Hinds, P., Finlay, C., Quartin, R., Baker, S., Fearon, E Vogelstein, B and Levine, A. (1990) Mutant p53 cDNAs from human colorectal carcinomas can cooperate with ras in transformation of primary rat cells a comparins of the 19hot spot mutant phenotypes. Cell Growth Diff. 1, 571-580. 

Chemokines in Leukocyte Trafficking CKs are thought to be centrally involved in leukocyte trafficking and not limited to attraction of monocytes by the CC family and neutrophils by the CXC family. Other functions of the CKs include expression of adhesion molecules, especially for the lymphocytes in both the migratory response and maturation and proliferation. The selective chemoattractant qualities shown by CKs explain the directed migration of each kind of leukocyte or even of subtypes of these cells (as T and B lymphocytes, perhaps even Thl and Th2). Several studies have shown that CC CKs attract T lymphocytes and that CD45R0, memory-phenotype cells are considered to be the main responders. The results, however, have often been contradictory, and the role of lymphocyte activation and proliferation is still unclear. The CC CKs MCP-2, MCP-3, RANTES, MIP-la, MIP-lp, and MCP-1 induce significant, dose-dependent transendothelial chemotaxis of... 

Fig. 3 The two phases of variant colorectal carcinogenesis. The dots symbolize the numerous mutations accumulated because of the RER mutator phenotype. The arrows symbolize the three assumptions of the model (1) The first step is acquisition of the RER mutator phenotype. Cells with MMR deficiency have no growth advantage. (2) Cells with an RER mutator phenotype may undergo malignant transformation through a several-step process that is purely mutation driven initially. (3) The mutation load rapidly causes the elimination of nontransformed cells with an RER mutator phenotype. Apoptosis or senescence restrict their life span to a limited number of replications.

Cuschieri, J., Gourlay, D., Garcia, L, Jelacic, S., and Maier, R. V. Implications of proteasome inhibition an enhanced macrophage phenotype. Cell Immunol 227 (2004) 140-147. 

Mutator Phenotypes - Cell lines that show increased rates of spontaneous mutataion at all genetic loci tested. 

Woolford, J. McAuliffe, A. Rohrschneider, L.R. Activation of the feline c-fms proto-oncogene multiple alterations are required to generate a fully transformed phenotype. Cell, 55, 965-977 (1988)... 

Tissue-Specific SP Phenotype Cells from Different Compartments. For a period of time, the SP phenotype cells were identified in many other different tissues, including the brain [137,138], pituitary gland [139], skin [140-143], corneal [144] and limbal epithelial ocular tissue [145], mammary glands [146], skeletal muscle [138,143,147,148], lung [134,138,149-151], heart [138,152,153], liver [138,154], spleen [138], pancreas [155], small intestine [138], kidney [138, 156-158], testis [159,160], peripheral blood [138,161], and in umbilical cord blood [45]. 

Tepfer, D., 1984. Transformation of several species of higher plants hy Agrobacterium rhizogenes sexual transmission of the transformed genotype and phenotype. Cell 37, 959-967. 

Telomeres play an important role in defining the replicative life span of cells, i.e., the maximal number of cell divisions or the so-called Hayflick limit. Normal human somatic cells, such as fibroblasts, after isolation ftom the body are only able to undergo a limited number of cell divisions, dependent on the age of the donor, before they stop cycling and go into the senescent state , which becomes manifest in phenotypic charges like cellular (lattenii and expression of a senescence-associated. alactosidase. Such cells ate arrested in G, which is different from quiescent cells, which arrest in Gq. After acquirir the senescent phenotype cells are still viable and can be maintained in culture for up to several months. The telomeres in fibroblasts shorten with each di ion due to the end-replication problem , because conventional DNA polymerases need a free 3 -hydroxyl toup lor DNA synthesis. This is usually provided by the activity of the polymerase o/ptimase complex, which synthesizes an initial RNA o%onucleotide primer. Durit strand synthesis, the most distally located primer... 

In chemical genomics screens, the cellular response induced by the small molecules can be measured directly (increased or inhibited cell proliferation, microscopic or visible phenotypic/cell morphological changes)... 

Cai, S. X., Drewe, J., and Kasibhatla, S. 2006. A chemical genetics approach for the discovery of apoptosis inducers From phenotypic cell-based HTs assay and structure-activity relationship studies, to identification of potential anticancer agents and molecular targets. Curr. Med. Chem. 13 2627-44. 

In another study, Yao et al. [30], reported on the optimal synthesis parameters and the kinetics of formation of calcium phosphate layer at the surface of PLGA/30 wt% bioactive glass porous composites. The porous structure supported marrow stromal cells (MSC) proliferation and promoted MSC differentiation into osteoblast phenotype cells. The porous composite was found to be bioactive and demonstrated a significant potential as a bone substitute. 

Capsules provide viable enclaves for human cell proliferation, growth and differentiation. All skeletal cell populations remain viable at 91% (+/— 6%) within capsules at differing concentrations of calcium (5-25 mM) and phosphate ions (50-300 mM) used to vary shell thickness and hence diffusive and mechanical properties of the capsule. From histological observations proliferation is initially slow up until 21 days. Embedded cells remain rounded-up but retain their phenotype. Cell-cell interactions stimulate the formation of cell contacts and re-shaping of cell morphology. 

Wenz T, Diaz F, Spiegelman BM, Moraes CT. (2008) Activation of the PPAR/PGC-1 alpha pathway prevents a bioenergetic deficit and effectively improves a mitochondrial myopathy phenotype. Cell Metab 8, 249-255. 

Alland L, Muhle R, Hou HJr, Potes J, Chin L, Schreiber-Agus N, DePinho RA (1997) Role for N-CoR and histone deacetylase in Sin3-mediated transcriptional repression. Nature 387 49-55 Ingraham HA, Chen RP, Mangalam HJ, Elsholtz HP, Flynn SE, Lin CR, Simmons DM, Swanson L, Rosenfeld MG (1988) A tissue-specific transcription factor containing a homeodomain specifies a pituitary phenotype. Cell 55 519-529... 

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