Antimony naming

Similar interactions occur in other phosphorus-containing ligands and related ligands containing arsenic and antimony. Names and formulas of some of these ligands are given in Table 6-4. 

Tartar emetic, as its name indicates, can be used medicinally to cause vomiting. For the preparation of tartar emetic intended for medicinal use, pure antimony trioxide, free (in particular) from traces of arsenic, must of course be employed. 

Antimony pentoxide is priced about two to three times higher than the trioxide. However, because it is more efficient than the trioxide, the pentoxide is at least cost-equivalent. Antimony pentoxide is manufactured by both Philadelphia Quartz and Laurel Industries under the Nyacol and Fkeshield trade names. 

Sodium antimonate contains less antimony than either antimony trioxide or pentoxide and is thus less effective. However, its unique pH and low refractive index makes the antimonate the most desirable synergist for polymers that hydrolyze when processed with acidic additives or in polymers for which deep color tones are specified. Sodium antimonate costs approximately 3.30—4.40/kg and can be obtained from either Elf Atochem NA under the Thermoguard name or from Anzon Inc. as a Timinox product. 

Another approach to durable press—flame retardancy uses a combination of a cross-linking system, antimony(III) oxide, and a bromine-containing reactive additive, namely dibromoneopentyl glycol, to achieve dual properties (120,121). 

Current manufacturers of these products are the Polymer Additives Group of Witco Corp. (New York), with the trade name Mark, and Synthetic Products Co. (Cleveland), with the trade name Synpron. The antimony-based stabilizers are typicaHy used for rigid PVC extmsion appHcations at about 0.4 to about 0.8 phr, priced at about 3.80— 4.50/kg. 

In the days of alchemy and the phlogiston theory, no system of nomenclature that would be considered logical ia the 1990s was possible. Names were not based on composition, but on historical association, eg, Glauber s salt for sodium sulfate decahydrate and Epsom salt for magnesium sulfate physical characteristics, eg, spirit of wiae for ethanol, oil of vitriol for sulfuric acid, butter of antimony for antimony trichloride, Hver of sulfur for potassium sulfide, and cream of tartar for potassium hydrogen tartrate or physiological behavior, eg, caustic soda for sodium hydroxide. Some of these common or trivial names persist, especially ia the nonchemical Hterature. Such names were a necessity at the time they were iatroduced because the concept of molecular stmcture had not been developed, and even elemental composition was incomplete or iadeterminate for many substances. 

Stibonic and Stibinic Acids. The stibonic acids, RSbO(OH)2, and stibinic acids, R2SbO(OH), are quite different in stmcture from their phosphoms and arsenic analogues. The stibonic and stibinic acids are polymeric compounds of unknown stmcture and are very weak acids. lUPAC classifies them as oxide hydroxides rather than as acids. Thus CgH3SbO(OH)2 is named phenyl antimony dihydroxide oxide [535-46-6], the Chemical Abstracts n.2ixn.e is dihydroxyphenylstibine oxide [535-46-6], CgH OgSb. 

Section 313 requires emissions reporting on the chemical categories listed below, in addition to the specific chemicals listed above. The metal compounds listed below, unless otherwise specified, are defined as including any unique chemical substance that contains the named metal (i.e., antimony, copper, etc.) as part of that chemical s structure. 

Schwefel-. of sulfur, sulfur, sulfuric, sulfide of, thio-. siilfo-. -abdruck, m. sulfiir print, -alkali, n. alkali siilfide. -alkohol, m. siilfur alcohol, thiol carbon disulfide (old name), -ammonium, -ammon, n. ammonium sulfide, -antlmon, n. antimony sulfide, -antimonblei, n, antimony lead sulfide (Min.) boulanger-ite. 

Spiessglanz-asche, /. antimony ash. -bleierz, n. bournonite. -blende, /, antimony blende, kermesite. -blumen, /.pi. flowers of antimony. -butter, /. butter of antimony (old name for antimony trichloride), -erz, n. antimony ore (graues, stibnite schwarzes, bournonite weisses, valentinite), - las, n. glass of antimony. 

It is otherwise with cotton, which is almost chemically pure cellulose, and hence is chemically indifferent in a tinctorial sense. Here combination with the dye results from the use of mordants which are adsorbed colloidally on the fibre before dyeing. The mordant can then enter into chemical union with the dye as a complex compound. For an important group of acid dyes (p. 335) the mordants are chiefly metallic hydroxides, namely, those of chromium, aluminium, iron, antimony, tin, etc., whilst for basic dyes tannin is the usual mordant. 

Antimony (Sb, [Kr]4Jl05 25/L), name and symbol from the Latin corruption of Arabic al-ithmld, which is derived from Latin stibium, coming from Greek (tti3i (a cosmetic powder, Sb2S3). Known since ancient times. 

Acrolein is immediately passed through a second oxidation reactor to form acrylic acid. The reaction talces place at 475-575 E, over a tin-antimony oxide catalyst. A few by-products form, namely, formic acid (HCOOH), acetic acid (CH3COOH), low molecular weight polymers, carbon monoxide, and dioxide. But overall yields of propylene to acrylic acid are high—85 to 90%. 

Antimony - the atomic number is 51 and the chemical symbol is Sb. The name derives from the Greek, anti + monos for not alone or not one because it was found in many compounds. The chemical symbol, Sb, comes from the original name, stibium, which is derived from the Greek stibi for mark , since it was used for blackening eyebrows and eyelashes. The name was changed from stibium to antimonium to antimony. The minerals stibnite (Sb2S3) and stibine (SbHj) are two of more than one hundred mineral species, which were known in the ancient world. 

ORIGIN OF NAME The element s name comes from the Greek words anti and minos, which mean "not alone," and antimony s symbol (Sb) is derived from the name for its ancient source mineral, stibnium. 

Two people are responsible for the discovery of tellurium. First, Franz Joseph Muller von Reichenstein (1743—1825), chief inspector of a gold mine in Transylvania (part of Romania), experimented with the ores in his mine between 1782 and 1783. From an ore known as aurum album, he extracted an element that, at first, was thought to be antimony. He sent a sample to Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1743—1817), who 16 years later correctly identified it as a new element and named it tellurium. However, Klaproth gave Franz Joseph Muller credit for the discovery. 

Bismuth forms trivalent and pentavalent compounds. The trivalent compounds are more common. Many of its chemical properties are similar to other elements in its group namely, arsenic and antimony. 

A. Liposomal amphotericin B was approved by the US. Food and Drug Administration to treat visceral leishmaniasis. Pentavalent antimony compounds, pentamidine, amphotericin B, and aminosi-dine (paromomycin) have all been demonstrated efficacious here. The liposomal amphotericin appears to be better taken up by the reticuloendothelial system, where the parasite resides, and partitions less in the kidney, where amphotericin B traditionally manifests its toxicity. In addition to being better tolerated by patients, it has proved to be very effective in India, where resistance to antimony drugs is widespread. This patient appears to have acquired his infection there, where many infected patients develop darkening of the skin, hence the name kala-azar, or black sickness. Albendazole, an anthelmintic, has no role here. Atovaquone, a naphthoquinone, is used to treat malaria, babesiosis, and pneumocystosis. Pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine is used to treat malaria and toxoplasmosis. Proguanil inhibits the dihydrofolate reductase of malaria parasites and is used in combination with atovaquone. 

He examined a gold-containing ore from Transylvania which had previously been thought to be an antimony compound. His work indicated that the substance was actually gold and a new substance. A sample was sent to Martin Heinrich Klaproth who confirmed the discovery of the new element and named it tellurium after the Latin word tellus which means earth. Te is rare, sometimes found free in nature, and in ores such as sylvanite (AgAuTc4) and calaverite (AuTez). It also occurs in low concentrations in sulfidic copper ores. 

When Lemery was received into the Academy of Sciences in 1699, he decided to make a thorough analysis of the mineral known as antimony [stibnite] in a search for useful medicaments. After reading his paper in instalments to the Academy, he finally published it in 1707 as the Treatise on Antimony. When I resolved to study antimony thoroughly in all its aspects, said he, I believed it proper to begin with some reflections on the nature of this compound and the places where it occurs on the names which were applied to it, and their diversity on how to select it and on its medicinal virtues (41). 

Th. Richter, said Weisbach. had already determined the silver content in two concordant blowpipe analyses as 73V2 per cent. My colleague Cl. Winkler then obtained as the mean of several experiments 75 per cent of silver and 18 of sulfur, hence a loss of 7 per cent. This loss, after long remaining inexplicable, finally led, in the course of further investigations, to the discovery of a new element similar in properties to arsenic or antimony, which Winkler, the discoverer, on February 1st named germanium (28). 

Antimony pentachloride also unites with ammonia. Two products are formed by passing ammonia gas into cold antimony pentachloride, namely, triammino-antimony pentachloride, [Sb(NH3)3]Cl3, and tetranunino-antimony pentachloride, [Sb(NH3)1]Cl5.1 Triammino-antimony pentachloride is a red substance which decomposes on heating, with formation of a sublimate of composition 3NH4Cl.SbCl5. Tetram-mino-antimony pentachloride is a white volatile substance which decomposes into antimony ammonium chloride. NH4Cl.SbCls, on treatment with hydrochloric acid. 

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