Polymer Additives Group

Current manufacturers of these products are the Polymer Additives Group of Witco Corp. (New York), with the trade name Mark, and Synthetic Products Co. (Cleveland), with the trade name Synpron. The antimony-based stabilizers are typicaHy used for rigid PVC extmsion appHcations at about 0.4 to about 0.8 phr, priced at about 3.80— 4.50/kg. 

ICI Surfactants - Polymer Additives Group, Antifog Agents for Agricultural and Food Packaging Films. Brochure 90-5E (1998). 

Hoechst Celanese/Specialty Chem. /Polymer Additives Group, 5200 77 Center Dr, PO Box 1026, Charlotte, NC 28217 (Tel. 704-559-6027 FAX 704-559-6305)... 

CHARMAX LS and FR products from FVI Polymer Additives Group in the USA claim to have overcome some of these deficiencies. This has been achieved by the formation of stable complexes that have good dispersion characteristics in PVC and other polymers. The optimisation has been... 

FVl Polymer Additives Group offers molybdenum-zinc complexes imder the name Charmax LS, as smoke suppressants for flexible and rigid PVC. They are cheaper than straight molybdenum compounds. 

Hydramax, Endothermic Hame retardants, Marshall, R. J., Co., Polymer Additives Group... 

AMAX Polymer Additives Group, Suite 320, 900 Victors Way, Ann Arbor MI 48108, USA... 

Polymer Additives Group-Vinyl 8 Wright Way Oakland, NJ 07436 (201)-337-2036... 

Polymers can be classified as addition polymers and condensation polymers. Addition polymers are formed by iiitermolecular reactions of the monomeric units without the elimination of atoms or groups. An example is vinyl chloride, which can be made to combine with itself to yield polyvinyl chloride ... 

The production of alkylphenols exceeds 450,000 t/yr on a worldwide basis. Alkylphenols of greatest commercial importance have alkyl groups ranging in size from one to twelve carbons. The direct use of alkylphenols is limited to a few minor appUcations such as epoxy-curing catalysts and biocides. The vast majority of alkylphenols are used to synthesize derivatives which have appUcations ranging from surfactants to pharmaceuticals. The four principal markets are nonionic surfactants, phenoUc resins, polymer additives, and agrochemicals. 

Represents more than 400 manufacturers of polymers, additives, and machinery as well as all types of plastics processors and fabricators. Membership is divided into 15 Business Groups sharing four Market Sector Groups. 

The first use of ionic liquids in free radical addition polymerization was as an extension to the doping of polymers with simple electrolytes for the preparation of ion-conducting polymers. Several groups have prepared polymers suitable for doping with ambient-temperature ionic liquids, with the aim of producing polymer electrolytes of high ionic conductance. Many of the prepared polymers are related to the ionic liquids employed for example, poly(l-butyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide) and poly(l-ethyl-3-vinylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [38 1]. 

The chemistry of the glycolysis of polyurethanes is complicated by the fact that there are additional groups in the polymer such as ureas, allophanates, and biurets, and die PURs may be crosslinked. In die presence of the appropriate glycols and at about 200°C, PURs undergo transesterification to form polyols. Under the same conditions, ureas undergo glycolysis to form urethanes and amines (Fig. 10.5). 

More recently, the same author [41] has described polymer analysis (polymer microstructure, copolymer composition, molecular weight distribution, functional groups, fractionation) together with polymer/additive analysis (separation of polymer and additives, identification of additives, volatiles and catalyst residues) the monograph provides a single source of information on polymer/additive analysis techniques up to 1980. Crompton described practical analytical methods for the determination of classes of additives (by functionality antioxidants, stabilisers, antiozonants, plasticisers, pigments, flame retardants, accelerators, etc.). Mitchell... 

In the rubber field it is not only the polymer that determines the properties of an elastomer, but many accompanying substances, like fillers, pigments, plasticisers, curing agents, antioxidants, stabilisers and processing aids (cf. Table 2.2). With rubbers the possible compositional permutations are numerous. In fact, already within the additive group of CBs there are more than 30 different possible products. 

For the purpose of polymer/additive analysis it is useful to rank solvents according to their boiling point ranges into low boilers (b.p. <100°C), medium boilers (b.p. 100-150°C) and high boilers (b.p. >150°C). Based on their evaporation numbers, solvents can be subdivided into four groups high volatility (< 10), moderate volatility (10-35), low volatility (35-50) and very low volatility (>50). 

T. Alfredson, Reverse Phase Gradient Analysis of Polyolefin Polymer Additives, Publication No. LC-123, Varian Instmment Group, Walnut Creek, CA (n.d.). 

UV/VIS spectrophotometry can be used to determine many physico-chemical characteristics of compounds and thus can provide information as to the identity of a particular compound. Although UV/VIS spectra do not enable absolute identification of an unknown, they are frequently used to confirm the identity of a substance through comparison of the measured spectrum with a reference spectrum. However, UV spectrophotometry is not highly specific, and can obviously only be applied to polymer additives which are absorbers of UV radiation, i.e. contain chromophoric groups. Both UV and IR monitor functional entities rather than the entire molecular structure. A functional group s proximity to other electropositive or electronegative structures in a molecule affects the absorbance spectrum, allowing one to infer some details of molecular structure. 

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