Derivation of name

During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, as new elements were identified, the discoverer received the honor of naming the element. Different trends in assigning names developed at different times. Element names were based on mythological figures, celestial bodies, color, chemical properties, geographical areas, minerals, derived names, and people. Table 5.3 gives the derivation of names and symbols for the common elements. 

The time derivative is the linear combination of the upper emd lower-convected derivative of, namely the Giordon - Schowalter derivative [43] ... 

Eras Periods and systems Derivation of names Duration of period (Ma) Totai from beginning (Ma)... 

The preceding derivation, being based on a definite mechanical picture, is easy to follow intuitively kinetic derivations of an equilibrium relationship suffer from a common disadvantage, namely, that they usually assume more than is necessary. It is quite possible to obtain the Langmuir equation (as well as other adsorption isotherm equations) from examination of the statistical thermodynamics of the two states involved. 

This completes the heuristic derivation of the Boltzmann transport equation. Now we trim to Boltzmaim s argument that his equation implies the Clausius fonn of the second law of thennodynamics, namely, that the entropy of an isolated system will increase as the result of any irreversible process taking place in the system. This result is referred to as Boltzmann s H-theorem. 

Solving the Eqs. (C.6-C.8,C.12,C.13) comprise what is known as the Ehrenfest dynamics method. This method has appealed under a number of names and derivations in the literatnre such as the classical path method, eilconal approximation, and hemiquantal dynamics. It has also been put to a number of different applications, often using an analytic PES for the electronic degrees of freedom, but splitting the nuclear degrees of freedom into quantum and classical parts. 

A search for derivatives of L-glutamate can be performed by a substructure search (SSS) (sec Section 6.3). figure 10,3-24b shows the query of the SSS observe that here, too, the stereochemistry can be specified and this is then considered in the SSS. The query provides 25 hits, including L-glutamatc, N-acctylghjtamate, etc. but also compounds such as tctrahydrofolatc, folate, etc. which would never be found by a name search,... 

The irradiation of tetra-/-butylcyclopentadienone with 254 nm light at 77 K produced a tricyclopentanone which, upon extended irradiation, lost carbon monoxide. Tetra-f-butyltetrahedrane was formed. This derivative of the second fundamental hydrocarbon of molecular formula (CH), namely tetrahedrane, is stable at room temperature and could be isolated after chromatography on silica gel in crystalline form (G. Maier, 1978). 

The linking methine cheiin includes an even number of methine groups (0,2,4). They are commonly named as derivatives of the ketomethylene ring, for example. 3-ethyl-5-(3-ethyl-4,5-diphenylthiazolin-2-ylidene)-rhodanine (5) and 4-[4- 3-methyl-4,5-diphenylthiazolin-2-ylidene)-2-butenylidene]-3-methyl-l-p-sulfophenyl-2-pvrazolin-5-one (6) (Scheme 4). 

In 1882, Nencki and Sieber (98), condensing dibromopyruvic acid with thiourea, obtained a compound they named sulfuvinuric acid (Sulfuvinursaure), which was later demonstrated (99) to be a derivative of 2-aminothiazole. The same year Will (100) observed that the sulfur atom of 56 is masked to Pb(N03)2 and to alkalis. 

The lUPAC rules name branched alkanes as substituted derivatives of the unbranched alkanes listed in Table 2 2 Consider the CgHi4 isomer represented by the structure... 

In this case the longest continuous chain has five carbon atoms the compound is named as a derivative of pentane The key word here is continuous It does not matter whether the carbon skeleton is drawn m an extended straight chain form or m one with many bends and turns All that matters is the number of carbons linked together m an uninterrupted sequence... 

As numbered on the structural formula the longest continuous chain contains eight car bons and so the compound is named as a derivative of octane Numbering begins at the end nearest the branch and so the ethyl substituent is located at C 4 and the name of the alkane is 4 ethyloctane... 

From among the 18 constitutional isomers of CgHig wnte structural formulas and give the lUPAC names for those that are named as derivatives of... 

Functional class names of alcohols are derived by naming the alkyl group that bears the hydroxyl substituent (—OH) and then adding alcohol as a separate word The chain IS always numbered beginning at the carbon to which the hydroxyl group is attached... 

Cycloalkenes and their derivatives are named by adapting cycloalkane termmol ogy to the principles of alkene nomenclature... 

Write structural formulas or build molecular models and give the lUPAC names of all the monochloro substituted derivatives of cyclopentene... 

Substitutive lUPAC nomenclature names epoxides as epoxy derivatives of alkanes According to this system ethylene oxide becomes epoxyethane and propylene oxide becomes 1 2 epoxypropane The prefix epoxy always immediately precedes the alkane ending it is not listed m alphabetical order like other substituents... 

Compounds related to benzene were obtained from similar plant extracts Eor example a pleasant smelling resin known as tolu balsam was obtained from the South American tolu tree In the 1840s it was discovered that distillation of tolu balsam gave a methyl derivative of benzene which not surprisingly came to be named... 

All compounds that contain a benzene ring are aromatic and substituted derivatives of benzene make up the largest class of aromatic compounds Many such compounds are named by attaching the name of the substituent as a prefix to benzene... 

Many simple monosubstituted derivatives of benzene have common names of long stand mg that have been retained m the lUPAC system Table 111 lists some of the most important ones... 

Names of Some Frequently Encountered Derivatives of Benzene... 

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