Klaproth. Martin Heinrich

Klaproth, Martin Heinrich. Analytical Essays towards Promoting the Chemical Knowledge of Mineral Substances. T. Cadell, London. 1801. 

KBF4,406 K C6o, 102 3KF2CeF42H20, 30 KGdp4, 422 Kirchhoff, Gustav, 7 Klaproth, Martin Heinrich, 5 Klechkowski s rule, 82 KMn04, 344,345 K[Se2P(Ph)2], 438 KYF4,428... 

Michael Faraday, Martin Heinrich Klaproth, and Joseph Fraunhofer. 

Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1743-1817). William Gregor (1761-1817), a minister who also dabbled in experiments, discovered a type of sand in 1791 from which a mysterious white powder could be produced. Klaproth recognized the yet-unknown element, and Henri Moissan (1852-1907) prepared pure titanium by electrolysis. 

Jons Jakob Berzelius (1779-1848), Wilhelm Hisinger (1766-1852), and Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1743-1817) independently... 

Titanium - the atomic number is 22 and the chemical symbol is Ti. The name derives from the Latin titans, who were the mythological first sons of the earth . It was originally discovered by the English clergyman William Gregor in the mineral ilmenite (FeTiOj) in 1791. He called this iron titanite menachanite for the Menachan parish where it was found and the element menachin. It was rediscovered in 1795 by the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth, who called it titanium because it had no characteristic properties to use as a name. Titanium metal was first isolated by the Swedish chemists Sven Otto Pettersson and Lars Fredrik Nilson. 

Uranium - the atomic number is 92 and the chemical symbol is U. The name derives from the planet Uranus, which in Roman mythology was Father Heaven . The German chemist Martin-Heinrich Klaproth discovered the element in 1789, following the German/English astronomer William Hershel s discovery of the planet in 1781. The metal was first isolated by the French chemist Eugene-Melchior Peligot in 1841. 

Several minerals containing zirconium were known in ancient times, one of which, jacinth, is mentioned several times in the Bible. It was not until 1789 that Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1743-1817), a German analytical chemist who also discovered uranium, identified zirconium after many others before him had failed. Klaproth analyzed the mineral jargoon (ZnSiO ), as did other scientists, and found that it contained 25% silica, 5% iron oxide, and 70% zirconia. The other scientists confused zirconia with alumina (aluminum oxide, Al O ). Klaproth used more refined techniques and correctly identified the element zirconium. 

Two people are responsible for the discovery of tellurium. First, Franz Joseph Muller von Reichenstein (1743—1825), chief inspector of a gold mine in Transylvania (part of Romania), experimented with the ores in his mine between 1782 and 1783. From an ore known as aurum album, he extracted an element that, at first, was thought to be antimony. He sent a sample to Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1743—1817), who 16 years later correctly identified it as a new element and named it tellurium. However, Klaproth gave Franz Joseph Muller credit for the discovery. 

At the end of the eighteenth century, scientists thought that pitchblende was a mixture of iron and zinc compounds. In 1789 Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1743—1817) discovered a new metallic element in a sample of pitchblende, which he named uranus after the recently discovered planet. Although what he actually discovered was the compound uranous oxide (UOj), it was adequate to establish him as the discoverer of uranium. For almost a century, scientists believed that the compound uranous oxide (UO ) was the elemental metal uranium. In 1841 Eugene-Melchoir Pefigot (1811—1890) finally isolated the metal uranium from its compound. Even so, no one knew that both the compounds and metal of uranium were radioactive until 1896, when Henri Becquerel (1852—1908) mistakenly placed apiece of potassium... 

German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth Durable metal highly resistant to heat its mineral zircon, a compound of zirconium silicate, is a semiprecious gem often substituted for diamonds. 

He examined a gold-containing ore from Transylvania which had previously been thought to be an antimony compound. His work indicated that the substance was actually gold and a new substance. A sample was sent to Martin Heinrich Klaproth who confirmed the discovery of the new element and named it tellurium after the Latin word tellus which means earth. Te is rare, sometimes found free in nature, and in ores such as sylvanite (AgAuTc4) and calaverite (AuTez). It also occurs in low concentrations in sulfidic copper ores. 

Many books have been written about the discovery of oxygen. The Orientalist Heinrich Julius Klaproth, a son of the famous German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth, found a reference to this gas in a Chinese book written by Mao-Kh6a about the middle of the eighth century after... 

Martin Heinrich Klaproth, a German chemist who was bom in Wemi-gerode in the Harz on December 1, 1743. When he was eight years old, the family became impoverished by a serious fire. Since there was little money left for the education of the three Klaproth boys, little Martin Heinrich earned his tuition by singing in the church choir. After receiving a little instruction in Latin at Wemigerode, he was apprenticed at the age of sixteen years to an apothecary. After five years of apprenticeship, he worked for four years in public laboratories at Quedlinburg... 

Martin Heinrich Klaproth made many brilliant contributions to analytical and mineralogical chemistry (33), and was a pioneer in the chemical investigation of antiquities such as Greek, Roman, and Chinese coins, ancient glasses, and prehistoric metallic objects (70). His papers are assembled in his Beitrage zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineral-korper, a six-volume work. Although he never discovered an element in the sense of isolating it for the first time, his analytical work foreshadowed the discovery of uranium and zirconium and verified the discovery of tellurium and titanium. 

The de Elhuyar brothers concluded from their analysis that wolframite is composed of wolframic acid combined with iron and manganese. Their method of obtaining the metal by reduction of tungstic (wolframic) acid with charcoal has been described in other papers (4, 6, 7, 8). As late as 1786 the great analytical chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth admitted that all his own attempts had failed and that up to the present only Hr. Elhuyar has succeeded in getting the metal (9). 

Martin Heinrich Klaproth, 1743-1817. German analytical chemist. First professor of chemistry at the University of Berlin. In 1810 he published, with F. Wolff, a chemical dictionary containing references to the researches cited therein. Klaproth s six-volume Bei-trage zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkorper is a collection of his remarkable mineral analyses. He rediscovered Gregor s menachanite, made a thorough study of its properties, and re-christened it titanium. 

Aug. 26, 1743 Dec. 1, 1743 Death of Louis Lernery. Birth of Lavoisier in Paris. Birth of Martin Heinrich Klaproth at Wemigerode in the Harz. One of the first to investigate uranium, titanium, and cerium. 

M. Engel, ed., Von der Phlogistik zur modernen Chemie. Vortrdge des Symposiums aus Anlass des 250 Geburtstages von Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Technische Universitdt Berlin, 29 November, 1993, Studien and Quellen zur Geschichte der Chemie 5, Engel, Berlin, 1994. 

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