Gold, mining

Another hydrometaHurgical use of Caro s acid is for destroying cyanide effluents from gold-leaching. It is more useful than catalyzed hydrogen peroxide for this duty because it also destroys thiocyanate ion. This appHcation has been demonstrated ia the laboratory (66) and at two gold mines (66,67). 

U.S. silver production from 1985 to 1994 averaged 1588 t/yr. Less than one quarter of this output comes from silver mine districts, however. About half is as by-product of gold mines about one quarter comes from copper and lead—2inc mines. The silver production in Mexico from 1985 to 1994 averaged 2256 t/yr, and Pern, at the southern extremity of the cordillera, where silver is a by-product of copper and lead—2inc mines, averaged 1810 t/yr. 

Potassium cyanide [151 -50-8] KCN, a white crystalline, deUquescent soHd, was initially used as a flux, andlater for electroplating, which is the single greatest use in the 1990s. The demand for potassium cyanide was met by the ferrocyanide process until the latter part of the nineteenth century, when the extraordinary demands of the gold mining industry for alkah cyanide resulted in the development of direct synthesis processes. When cheaper sodium cyanide became available, potassium cyanide was displaced in many uses. With the decline in the use of alkah cyanides for plating the demand for potassium cyanide continues to decline. The total world production in 1990 was estimated at about 4500 t, down from 7300 t in 1976. 

De-watering of coal, tin, copper or gold mines, coal washing and sludge pumping Pumping industrial effluents... 

Gold-glatte, /. a kind of litharge, -glimmer, m. yellow mica, -gnibe, /. gold mine, -grund,... 

Tarras-Wahlberg NH, Lane SN (2003) Suspended sediment yield and metal contamination in a river catchment affected by El Nino events and gold mining activities the Puyango river basin, southern Ecuador. Hydrol Process 17 3101... 

Alpers CN, Hunerlach MP, May JT, Hothem RL (2005) Mercury contamination from historical gold mining in California. United States Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3014, Sacramento, California. 

There are hidden gold mines under our noses—in house data becomes the new lamps for old on the tons of old clinical data from 50 years of R D— but of course, none of it is electronically accessible. It is called a library Many organizations have undertaken huge OCR (optical character recognition) projects to scan laboratory notebooks—some data even exists on microfilm and microfiche. As it is a legal requirement for a drug submission to provide provenance of scanned notebooks [38], paper, and microfilm, many businesses concentrate solely on the capture and verification of this data, rather than considering it a valuable resource to be remined. 

Macy JM, K Nuna, KD Hagen, DR Dixon, PJ Harbour, M Cahill, LI Sly (1996) Chrysiogenes arsenatis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new arsenate-respiring bacterium isolated from gold mine wastewater. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46 1153-1157. 

Santini JM, LI Sly, RD Schnagl, JM Macy (2000) A new chemolithoautotrophic arsenite-oxidizing bacterium isolated from a gold mine phylogenetic, physiological and preliminary biochemical studies. Appl Environ Microbiol 66 92-97. 

FIGURE 1.5 Anthropogenic mercury emissions in the United States, 1990-1999. Short tons per year. Emissions shown for gold mines in 1990 and 1996 are assumed to be equal to emissions for those mines in 1999. Source From USEPA 2004c.)... 

Clark Jr DR, Hothem RL. 1991. Mammal mortality at Arizona, Cahfomia, and Nevada gold mines using cyanide extraction. Calif Fish Game 77 61-69. 

Ibaraki, K. and Suzuki, R, (1990) Wall rock alteration in the Hishikari gold mine, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. Mining Geology, 40, 97-106 (in Japanese with English abst.). 

Ibaraki, K. and Suzuki, R. (1993) Gold-silver quartz-adularia veins of the Main, Yamada and Sanjin deposits, Hishikari gold mine a comparative study of their geology and ore deposits. Resource Geology Special Issue, 14, 1-11. 

Tsuboya, K. (1936) The geology and the ore deposits of the Tsugu gold mine, Aichi prefecture. J. Geol. Soc. Japan, 43, Ci-ll (in Japanese). 

Fig. 2.23. The major geothermal system and epithermal gold deposits of Japan. Epithermal gold deposits are represented by gold mines or mining areas that have produced more than 10 metric tons of gold (Izawa and Aoki, 1991).

Even brief searches, without a significant increase in the time to complete the search, can benefit from a watchful eye for new gold mines of information. Resources available on the Internet are particularly dynamic and continue to challenge our effort to... 

As Britain is relatively poor in mineral deposits, this type of mining is less important here than in other countries of the world. The gold mines in South Africa, metal mines in the U.S.A., Canada and Sweden all use considerable amounts of explosive. In such mines the methods of working are often appreciably different from those described above and adapted to very large-scale production. 

Grandjean P, White RF, Nielsen A, Cleary D, Santos ECD (1999) Methylmercury neurotoxicity in Amazonian children downstream from gold mining. Environ Health Perspect 107 587-591... 

Brazil Madeira River gold mining area maximum values ... 

---