Antibody herpes

Endometrial biopsy Estrogen receptor assay Gonorrhea culture Helicobacter pylori antibodies Herpes genitalis Liver biopsy Lung biopsy Nose culture Papanicolaou smear Pleural biopsy Progesterone receptor assay Renal biopsy... 

CP coat protein CtxB cholera toxin B subunit scFv single chain Fv antibody fragment TMOF trypsin modulating oostatic factor MAB monoclonal antibody GFP green fluorescent protein CPV Canine parvovirus BHV Bovine herpes virus FMDV Foot and mouth disease virus HCV Hepatitis C virus HRV Human rhino Virus MEV Mink enteritis virus MHV Murine hepatitis virus MV Measles virus RSV Respiratory syncytial virus... 

The most widely studied therapeutic proteins produced in plants include monoclonal antibodies for passive immunotherapy and antigens for use as oral vaccines [40]. Antibodies against dental caries, rheumatoid arthritis, cholera, E. coli diarrhea, malaria, certain cancers, Norwalk virus, HIV, rhinovirus, influenza, hepatitis B virus and herpes simplex virus have been produced in transgenic plants. However, the anti-Streptococcus mutans secretory antibody for the prevention of dental caries is the only plant-derived antibody currently in Phase II clinical trials [40]. Until recently, most antibodies were expressed in tobacco, potato, alfalfa, soybean, rice and wheat [9], It has been estimated that for every 170 tons of harvested tobacco, 100 tons represents harvested leaves. A single hectare could thus yield 50 kg of secretory IgA [3, 41]. Furthermore, it has been estimated that the cost of antibody production in plants is half that in transgenic animals and 20 times lower than in mammalian cell cul-... 

For other plant-derived antibodies, stability was shown to be similar to mammalian counterparts. For instance, a humanized anti-herpes simplex virus monoclonal antibody (IgGl) was expressed in soybean and showed stability in human semen and cervical mucus over 24 h similar to the antibody obtained from mammalian cell culture. In addition, the plant-derived and mammalian antibodies were tested in a standard neutralization assay with no apparent differences in their ability to neutralize HSV-2. As glycans may play a role in immune exclusion mechanisms in mucus, the diffusion of these monoclonal antibodies in human cerival mucus was tested. No differences were found in terms of the prevention of vaginal HSV-2 transmission in a mouse model, i.e. the plant-derived antibody provided efficient protection against a vaginal inoculum of HSV-2 [58]. This shows that glycosylation differences do not necessarily affect efficacy. 

Human embryo lung fibroblasts infected with a reference laboratory strain of herpes simplex virus (HS V) type 2 were used to detect antibody to HSV type 2 in serum samples. After treatment of cells with serial dilutions of sera, HRP-labeled immunoglobulins to human IgG (class G immunoglobulins) were added and detected with CL substrate [36], In both cases a sharp detection of the specific antibodies was achieved with chemiluminescent assays, which proved more sensitive than the colorimetric immunoperoxidase assays. 

The protein A (pA), antihuman serum albumin (a-HSA, M 150 kD), and human serum albumin (HSA, M 65 kD) were provided by Paradocs BV (Tiel, The Netherlands). The Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) and anti-HSV-1 gG glycoprotein G monoclonal antibody (a-HSV-1 gG) were purchased from Virusys Corporation (Marriottsville, MD, USA). Bovine serum albumin (BSA, M 50 kD) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie BV (Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands). Synthetic surface protein of Hepatitis-B virus generated in Hep-G2 cell-line (HEP G2, M 25 kD) was provided by BioMerieux BV (Boxtel, The Netherlands). Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was used for all experiments. 

Yorty, J.L. and Bonneau, R. H., Prenatal transfer of low amounts of herpes simplex vims (HSV)-specific antibody protects newborn mice against HSV infection during acute maternal stress, Brain Behav. Immun., 18, 15, 2004. 

Weller TH, Coons AH. 1954. Fluorescent antibody studies with agents of varicella and herpes zoster propagated in vitro. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 86 789-794. 

Once the virus has achieved an intracellular location, it is protected from antibodies and only cell-mediated immunity is effective. Difficulties in producing effective vaccines against some viral infections, such as HIV, herpes simplex and hepatitis, have spurred the development of new strategies that use DNA rather than protein. 

An increased IgA index is found in aseptic meningitis in 40% of cases and in herpes encephalitis in almost 100% of cases as a result of virus-specific IgA antibody production. In neuromberculosis, an increased IgA index is often accompanied by normal IgC and IgM indices (LI). 

Polyspecific Response Associated with CNS Autoimmune Diseases. The oligoclonal, intrathecally synthesized IgG contains numerous specific antibodies and autoantibodies. Antibodies are frequently found with specificities against measles, the rubella virus and the varicella-zoster virus, but seldom against the herpes simplex virus. The occurrence of one, two, or three of these antibodies is referred to as the MRZ reaction. The corresponding antigens are not present in these cases. The MRZ reaction is typical of multiple sclerosis as well as cerebral lupus erythematosus and is a chronically evolving immune process (F5, KIO, S16). 

Antibodies against the virus but also amantadine and derivatives, interfere with host cell penetration. There are nucleoside analogues such as aciclovir and ganciclovir, which interfere with DNA synthesis, especially of herpes viruses. Others like zidovudine and didanosine, inhibit reverse transcriptase of retroviruses. Recently a number of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors was developed for the treatment of HIV infections. Foscarnet, a pyrophosphate analogue, inhibits both reverse transcriptase and DNA synthesis. Protease inhibitors, also developed for the treatment of HIV infections, are active during the fifth step of virus replication. They prevent viral replication by inhibiting the activity of HIV-1 protease, an enzyme used by the viruses to cleave nascent proteins for final assembly of new vi-rons. 

Epididymal. Pertaining to the epididymis the elongated cord-like structure along the posterior border of the testis, whose elongated coiled duct provides for the storage, transit, and maturation of spermatozoa, and is continuous with the ductus deferens. Epstein-Barr virus. A herpes-like virus found in cell cultures of Burkitt lymphoma also, antibodies reactive with Epstein-Barr... 

IgG receptors on cultured, human lymphocytes.526 Sialidase treatment of lymphocytes from sensitized subjects increased the responsiveness to viral, bacterial, and fungal antigens.527 The same treatment of human, Herpes simplex virus-infected cells was found to enhance the sensitivity of the cells to lysis mediated by antibody and complement.528... 

Gretch, D R., Suter, M, and Stinski, M. F (1987) The use of biotinylated monoclonal antibodies and streptavidin affinity chomatography to isolate Herpes virus hydrophobic proteins or glycoproteins Anal Biochem 163, 270-277... 

Merriman, H., et al. 1984. Secretory IgA antibody in cervicovaginal secretions from women with genital infection due to herpes simplex virus. J Infect Dis 149 505. 

Bernstein, D. I., Garraty, E., Lovett, M. A., and Bryson, Y. J. (1985) Comparison of western blot analysis to microneutralization for the detection of type-specific antibodies to herpes simplex virus antibodies. J. Med. Virol. 15, 223-230. 

Sanna PP, Williamson RA, De Logu A, Directed selection of recombinant human monoclonal antibodies to herpes simplex virus glycoproteins from phage display libraries, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92 6439-6443, 1995. 

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