Vaccination effectiveness

Rather than pay the full b or some fraction of it based on vaccine effectiveness and productivity of investment in R D, another option is to base... 

Boulanger, D., Schneider, D., Chippaux, J.P., Sellin, B. and Capron, A. (1999a) Schistosoma bovis vaccine effects of a recombinant homologous glutathione S-transferase in sheep. International Journal for Parasitology 29, 41 5—41 8. 

Oniki S, Nagai H, Horikawa T, Furukawa J, Belladonna ML, Yoshhnoto T, Flara I, Nishigori C. Interleukin-23 and interleukin-27 exert quite different antitumor and vaccine effects on poorly immunogenic melanoma. Cancer Res 2006 66 6395—404. 

Picomaviruses, which include the rhinovi-ruses and enteroviruses, are RNA viruses that cause several infectious human diseases. These diseases include common colds as well as life-threatening infections of the respiratory and central nervous systems. Effective treatments of these diseases would relieve much human suffering, save many lives, and have great economic benefit. There are over 100 serotypes of rhinoviruses alone, making it impossible to generate a vaccine effective against infections by all variants of the virus (164). 

Masliah E, Hansen L, Adame A, Qews L, Bard F, Lee C, Seubert P, Games D, Kirby L, Schenk D (2005) Abeta vaccination effects on plaque pathology in the absence of encephalids in Alzheimer disease. Neurology 64 129—131. 

Milstien JB, Gibson JJ. Quality control of BCG vaccine by WHO a review of factors that may influence vaccine effectiveness and safety. Bull World Health Organ 1990 68(1) 93-108. 

Local effects of acellular vaccines effect of number of injections... 

A vaccine would be an excellent way to intercept the newly injected sporozoites. This would be analogous to individuals who have been immunized against mumps having their immune system intercept the virus before it enters target cells. Unfortunately, with all of the effort being expended to develop a vaccine, no vaccine effective in humans has been developed. 

Minato S et al (2003) Application of polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-modified Hposomes for oral vaccine Effect of lipid dose on systemic and mucosal immunity. J Control Release 89 189-197... 

Controlled studies evaluating smallpox vaccine effectiveness are not available. However, studies of exposed household case contacts demonstrated a 91-97% reduction in cases among household contacts with vaccination scars compared to contacts without scars. None of these studies investigated the association between attack rates and time since vaccination or potency of the vaccine, so they may underestimate current levels of protection in the United States (15). 

Untoward vaccine effects are variable, manifesting from injection site irritation, fever, and irritability to encephalopathy, paralysis, and even death. - " " Reporting of certain vaccine adverse events to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) is mandatory. VAERS was established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to facilitate the process of gathering postmarketing surveillance data on vaccine-related adverse events. VAERS reports record adverse events temporally but not necessarily eausally associated with vaccination. 

Vaccines represent only a small proportion of the pharmaceutical market, but nevertheless vaccines are extremely successful products. Firstly, vaccines effectively prevent diseases, rather than only curing these. Owing to these advantages, vaccines have often created their own... 

A recent clinical study has been carried out in order to develop a vaccine effective in preventing infection with malaria [36]. 

Several clinical trails have been conducted evaluating the efficacy of vaccine against pneumonia and pneumococcal bacteremia. In addition, multiple case-control and serotype prevalence studies have provided evidence for pneumococcal vaccine effectiveness against invasive disease (23,44-55). 

Foster DA, Talsma AN, Furumoto-Dawson A, et al. Influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing hospitahzation for pneumonia in the elderly. Am J Epidemiol 1992 136 296-307. 

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