Angiogenic

VEGFs, the angiopoietins, the Ephrins and Notch molecules stand out as they act specifically or preferentially on the vascular system and have, thus, to be considered as key regulatory molecules of the angiogenic cascade [3]. 

Specific Synthetic and Biological Antagonists of the Angiogenic Cascade... 

Antibody targeting Use of mono-and bispecific antibodies to target components of angiogenic blood vessels (e.g., VEGF receptors, endoglin, L19 antigen) to deliver specific angio- and/or tumoricidal activity... 

Vascular gene therapy Transfer of dominant-negative receptors or suicide genes under the control of angiogenic endothelial cell specific promoters... 

Direct laser-assisted myocardial revascularization (DMR) is an approved technique in the US, Europe, and parts of Asia to create numerous myocardial channels. This results in the induction of a massive inflammatory reaction, which in turn induces angiogenesis. The other FDA-approved pro-angiogenic therapy is the use of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor (Regranex) for use in the treatment of diabetic neuropathic foot ulcer s. 

Integrin otvfi3 Antagonists Promote Tumor Regression by Inducing Apoptosis of Angiogenic Blood Vessels... 

Friedlander M, Brooks PC, Shaffer R et al (1995) Definition of two angiogenic pathways by distinct av integrins. Science 27 1500-1502... 

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) - an angiogenic-inflammatory neoplasm - is the most prevalent cancer in HIV-infected patients and its appearance is preceded by infection with human Heipesvitus-8 (HHV-8). Although chemotherapy has become the treatment of choice approved by the FDA, there are also good response rates in patients treated with IFN-a. Fortunately, today highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically decreased the incidence of KS in AIDS patients. 

MMPS Gelatinase-B, 92 kDa gelatinase Secreted MM P-9 plays a regulatory role in angiogenesis not only through proteolytic activity but also through other downstream angiogenic factors... 

Though a large number of small molecule inhibitors against a variety of tyrosine kinases are being developed, the most advanced drugs can be roughly classified as (i) Bcr-Abl/Src family kinase inhibitors, (ii) ErbB inhibitors and (iii) broad spectrum TfCIs with an anti-angiogenic component. 

Although tumor cells frequently represent the major source of VEGF-A, tumor-associated stroma is also a site of VEGF production. Tumor-derived PDGF-A may be especially important for the recruitment of an angiogenic stroma that produces VEGF-A and potentially other angiogenic factors. 

A particularly active area of research concerns the elucidation of the mechanisms of refractoriness or resistance to anti-VEGF therapy. Tumor cell-intrinsic or treatment-induced expression of angiogenic factors may be implicated Very recent studies have provided evidence that, at least is some murine models, refractor-inessm to anti-VEGF therapy is related to the ability of the tumor to recruit CDllb+Grl+ myeloid cells, which promote angiogenesis [5]. It remains to be established whether these findings also apply to human tumors. 

Mitra A, Mulholland J, Nan A et al (2005) Targeting tumor angiogenic vasculature using polymer-RGD conjugates. J Control Release 102 191-201... 

Leung DW, Cachianes G, Kuang WJ et al (1989) Vascular endothelial growth-factor is a secreted angiogenic mitogen. Science 246 1306-1309... 

Paris D, Ait-Ghezala G, Mathura VS, Patel N, Quadros A, Laporte V, et al. Anti-angiogenic activity of the mntant Dntch A(beta) peptide on human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2005 136 212-30. 

Birnbaum T, Roider J, Schankin CJ, Padovan CS, Schichor C, Goldbrunner R, Straube A (2007) Malignant gliomas actively recruit bone marrow stromal cells by secreting angiogenic cytokines. J Neurooncol 83 241-247... 

New blood vessels, formed from pre-existing vessels, occnrs 7 days post wounding (Park and Barbnl 2004). Potent angiogenic factors snch as vascular endothelial... 

Li, L., Braiteh, F.S., and Kurzrock, R., Liposome-encapsulated curcumin in vitro and in vivo effects on proliferation, Apopf. Signal. Angiogen. Cancer, 104, 1322, 2005. Socaciu, C., Jessel, R., and Diehl, H.A., Competitive carotenoid and cholesterol incorporation into liposomes effects on membrane phase transition, fluidity, polarity... 

Addison CL, Daniel TO, Burdick MD, et al. The CXC chemokine receptor 2, CXCR2, is the putative receptor for ELR+ CXC chemokine-induced angiogenic activity. J Immunol 2000 165 5269-5277. 

Middleton J, Americh L, Gayon R, et al. Endothelial cell phenotypes in the rheumatoid synovium activated, angiogenic, apoptotic and leaky. Arthritis Res Ther 2004 6(2) 60-72. 

Fall N, Bove KE, Stringer K, et al. Association between lack of angiogenic response in muscle tissue and high expression of angiostatic ELR-negative CXC chemokines in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis possible link to vasculopa-thy. Arthritis Rheum 2005 52(10) 3175-3180. 

Simonini A, Moscucci M, Muller DW, et al. IL-8 is an angiogenic factor in human coronary atherectomy tissue. Circulation 2000 101(13) 1519—1526. 

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