Angiogenic ELR+ CXC chemokines

CXCR2 Is the Receptor for Angiogenic ELR+ CXC Chemokine-Mediated Angiogenesis... 

Fig. 1 Model of erythrocyte DARC function in the prostate cancer microenvironment. Expression of erythrocyte DARC binds and clears angiogenic ELR+CXC chemokines from the tumor. However, lack of the erythrocyte DARC results in a higher than normal intratumor concentration of angiogenic chemokines...

Fig. 2. The role of CXC chemokines in regulating angiogenesis in the context of tumori-genesis. The over- and underexpression of the angiogenic (ELR+ CXC chemokines) and angiostatic (ELR CXC chemokines), respectively, lead to tumor progression via the promotion of tumor-associated neovascularization. In contrast, attenuation of the angiogenic or reconstitution of the angiostatic CXC chemokines leads to tumor regression via the inhibition of tumor-associated neovascularization.

While CXCL8 was the first angiogenic ELR+ CXC chemokine to be discovered in NSCLC, CXCL5 has now been determined to have a higher degree of correlation with NSCLC-derived angiogenesis (Arenberg et al,... 

Addison CL, Daniel TO, Burdick MD, et al. The CXC chemokine receptor 2, CXCR2, is the putative receptor for ELR+ CXC chemokine-induced angiogenic activity. J Immunol 2000 165 5269-5277. 

The CXC chemokines can be divided into two groups on the basis of a structure/function domain consisting of the presence or absence of three amino acid residues (Glu-Leu-Arg ELR motif) that precedes the first cysteine amino acid residue in the primary structure of these cytokines. The ELR+ CXC chemokines are chemoattractants for neutrophils and act as potent angiogenic factors (6). In contrast, the ELR" CXC chemokines are chemoattractants for mononuclear cells and are potent inhibitors of angiogenesis (Table 1) (6). 

FigufS 1 Interferon-inducible ELR CXC chemokine I-TAC/CXCLll inhibits the angiogenic activity of IL-8, bFGF, and VEGF. 

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