AFNOR test

A Modified AFNOR Test 301 B Modified Sturm Test 301 C Qosed Bottle Test... 

Fuel samples can be tested with these dip slides by first emulsifying the fuel and then sampling the emulsion with the dip slide. With the AFNOR Test NFM 07-070 1993, fuel emulsified in water (1 10) is tested for growth with a dipstick. This test detects only bacterial growth > 10 bacteria/L (Institute of Petroleum, 1996). 

A bitumen sample is oxidized at high temperature under well defined conditions and its physical characteristics are measured before and after this artificiai ageing process. The method is defined in France as AFNOR T 66-032 and in the USA by ASTM D 2872 (Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test). 

The national organizations are often relayed into each profession by a body created and financed by this profession and which undertakes all or part of the work in preparing the standards. In the petroleum industry, this role is carried out in France by the BNPet (Bureau de Normalisation du Petrole) and in Germany by the FAM (Fachausschuss Mineralol-und Brennstoffnormung), in the United Kingdom by the IP (Institute of Petroleum), and in the USA by the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials). In the first two cases, the standards are published only by the national organizations (AFNOR and DIN respectively), while the IP and the ASTM also publish their own documents, only some of which are adopted by the BSI and ANSI, respectively. 

Specifications and test methods for gasoline (see AFNOR information document M15-001). 

Specifications and test methods for diesel fuel (normal and severe cold grades) (from the standard NF EN 590 see AFNOR information document M15-007 and M15-022). 

Following the draft european standard [4] for type testing, quality of the detection media shall be verified on 2 reference blocks as shown in Fig. 2. On the reference block No. 1, created by Mr. Dickhaut [7], (Nr. 3 of the MTU) the indications shall be valuated by comparison with the indications of a detection medium with known quality. On reference block No. 2 (AFNOR-C A-C) the lenght of the indications shall be determined as a measure for the quality. 

The standards concerning the verification of ultrasonic equipment for non destructive testing, which are currently applicable in European countries consist in texts from different origins, such as German (DIN) British (B.S.), Italian and French (AFNOR). 

As microwave sample preparation has evolved, standard microwave procedures have been developed and approved by numerous standard methods organisations (ASTM, AOAC International, EPA, etc.), see ref. [64]. Examples are standard test methods for carbon black/ash content (ASTM Method D 1506-97), lead analysis in direct paint samples (ASTM Method E 1645-94), etc. Table 8.15 shows some microwave ashing references (detection weight). A French AFNOR method utilises the atmospheric pressure single-mode microwave method as an alternative sample preparation procedure for Kjeldahl nitrogen determination [84], The performance of a microwave-assisted decomposition for rapid determination of glass fibre content in plastics for QC has been described [85]. 

Perception of odour concentrations around the threshold value is strongly effected by the presence of other odours. Results can be influenced very negatively if tests are carried out in the neighbourhood of odour sources. Measuring in odour-free surroundings is particularly important for mobile or transportable olfactometers. Also for laboratory measurements this is strongly recommended in the Netherlands. AFNOR also prescribes it and the VDI in a minor way. The WSL, on the other hand, does not prescribe odour-free surroundings for their transportable olfactometer. 

Test batteries applicable for the pT-scale employ standardized test systems and procedures recognized by standardization organizations such as AFNOR, ASTM, DIN, EN, ISO, or OECD. The level of expertise required by personnel to ensure the proper application of pT-method bioassays must therefore comply with established norms. The necessary qualification will also depend on the test system being used. 

RBPT test Ready biodegradability (or readily biodegradable) test is an arbitrary definition whereby compounds achieve a pass level in one of five named tests (OECD, Sturm, AFNOR, MITI or closed bottle, and rotating bomb oxidation test or RBOT. 

A number of industrial chemicals were screened using AFNOR protocols with rabbits as the test systems. Information on the appearance and irritancy potential of different chemicals (and the classification thereof) offers valuable clues to the worker to avoid skin injury (Table 16-4). Certain drugs normally used by humans can cause adverse effects on eyes. The types of ocular disturbance are blurring of vision and diplopia, impairment of visual acuity, yellow vision (xanthopsia), corneal opacities, and lenticular opacities and drugs producing or precipitating the formation of cataract, which have been implicated with the use of candidate drugs. 

It is widely known that standards define the advanced state of the art in a well-defined system. They describe technical rules which have been tested and proven and are accepted practice in the commercial world. Most standards have been studied and developed in European countries (Italy CUNA, Germany DIN, France AFNOR, Great Britain BSI etc.). The importance of internationally approved standards has increased recently because of growing world trade. In 1926, the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) was founded to address these concerns. At present, ISO is made up of more than 140 different national standard organisations. 

Such sieves were used solely for powder classification, and the inception of test sieving did not arise until sieve aperture sizes were standardized. Standard apertures were first proposed by Rittinger [2] who, in 1867, suggested a V2 progression of aperture sizes based on 75 pm thus, similarly shaped particles passing consecutive apertures, are in a 2 1 surface ratio. Modem standards are based on a fourth root of two progression, apart from the French AFNOR series, adopted in 1938, which is based on a sieve aperture of 1 mm in a tenth root of ten progression this is known as the RIO or Renaud series. 

The main organizations that develop or validate methods for fats and oil analysis include International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry (lUPAC), International Oiganization for Standardization (ISO), Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), American Oil Chemists Society (AOCS), American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), Association Francaise de Normalization (AFNOR), British Standards Institution (BSI), Deustsches Institute fur Normung (DIN), and the Federation of Oils, Seeds and Fats Association (FOSFA). In addition, there is an increasing trend for the various national standard institutions to develop their own standard methods based on the standard ISO methods these are generally adopted as official methods. 

The analysis of azo dyes is based on the standard test methods NE EN 14362 Part 1 and Part 2 (Association Erangaise de Normahsation, AFNOR, 2004a and b). The principle of the test method is to extract the azo dyes (aromatic amines) from... 

Fig. 3.103 Principle of Epiradiateur test according to AFNOR NF P 92-501-1985 1 U-shaped frame 2 connecting element 3 spacer ring 4 clamping screw 5 specimen 6 non-combustible rear plate 7 linear burner. Dimensions in mm... 

For testing plastics, a wide spectrum of national standards have been practiced worldwide— for instance, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards in the United States, Deutsches Institut fiir Normung (DIN) in Germany British Standards Institution (BSI) standards in the United Kingdom, Association Fran aise de Normalisation (AFNOR) standards in France, and Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) in Japan (Fig. 11.2). 

Refractoriness-under-Load. The ability of a material to withstand specified conditions of load, temperature and time. Details of variations in this test will be found in the following national standards Britain-B.S. 1902 USA-ASTM-C16 Germany-DIN 51064 France-AFNOR B49-105. B.S. 1902 specifies a dilatometer method (Pt. 4.8)... 

Cireulation Reeyeling and Fall Test AFNOR Draft T73-421... 

Similar tests (TAPPI, AFNOR) are also performed to check the mold proofing efficiency of paper treatment... 

As mentioned before, austenitic stainless steels are susceptible to IGC due to sensitization caused by exposure to high temperatures (450-850 C). The IGC of austenitic stainless steel can also be characterized by normalized classical tests ASTM G28, ASTM A262-86, SEP 1877, AFNOR A05-159 and AFNOR A05-160, currently known as the Strauss, Huey and Streicher tests [54-57]. These methods however are destructive, difficult to perform on site and require sampling that can be harmful to the integrity of materials during service. For this reason, the electrochemical, non-destructive tests commonly known as EPR (electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation) and DL-EPR (double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation) were developed to measure the sensitivity of austenitic stainless steels to IGC [58-66]. However, EPR and DL-EPR are based on measurements of characteristic potentials and currents of passive/active zones on potentiody-namic curves in an aqueous solution (linear voltammetry curve from oxygen to hydrogen evolution in the... 

AFNOR (1998) NF EN ISO 3651-1 1998. Determination of Resistance to Intergranular Corrosion of Stainless Steels. Part 1 Austenitic and Ferritic-Austenitic (Duplex) Stainless Steels. Corrosion Test in Nitric Acid Medium by Measurement of Loss in Mass (Huey Test), AFNOR, Paris. 

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