AFNOR

This analysis, abbreviated as FIA for Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption, is standardized as ASTM D 1319 and AFNOR M 07-024. It is limited to fractions whose final boiling points are lower than 315°C, i.e., applicable to gasolines and kerosenes. We mention it here because it is still the generally accepted method for the determination of olefins. 

This method follows the ASTM D 1159 and D 2710 procedures and the AFNOR M 07-017 standard. It exploits the capacity of the double olefinic bond to attach two bromine atoms by the addition reaction. Expressed as grams of fixed bromine per hundred grams of sample, the bromine number, BrN, enables the calculation of olefinic hydrocarbons to be made if the average molecular weight of a sufficiently narrow cut is known. 

A bitumen sample is oxidized at high temperature under well defined conditions and its physical characteristics are measured before and after this artificiai ageing process. The method is defined in France as AFNOR T 66-032 and in the USA by ASTM D 2872 (Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test). 

This measurement provides a definition of the bitumen content in bitumen materials as the portion soluble in carbon disulfide (in France, in trichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride or tetrachloroethylene). The method is defined by AFNOR NF T 66-012 or IP 47, or ASTM D 4 (the latter is not equivalent to the others). 

Among the official standards organizations are in France, AFNOR (Association Frangaise de Normalisation)-, in the United Kingdom, BSI (British... 

The national organizations are often relayed into each profession by a body created and financed by this profession and which undertakes all or part of the work in preparing the standards. In the petroleum industry, this role is carried out in France by the BNPet (Bureau de Normalisation du Petrole) and in Germany by the FAM (Fachausschuss Mineralol-und Brennstoffnormung), in the United Kingdom by the IP (Institute of Petroleum), and in the USA by the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials). In the first two cases, the standards are published only by the national organizations (AFNOR and DIN respectively), while the IP and the ASTM also publish their own documents, only some of which are adopted by the BSI and ANSI, respectively. 

Collections of specifications are kept up-to-date and are available either at the Chambre Syndicate du Raffinage, or at the CPDP (Centre Professionnel du Petrole), or in documentation available at AFNOR and for which the references are given in the tables hereafter. 

AFNOR, Tour Europe, cedex 7 - 92049 PARIS LA DfiFENSE - Tel. (1) 42915555. 

Product Characteristics Commercial butane Commercial propane LPG motor fuel (from NF EN 589) (see AFNOR document M 40-003)... 

Specifications and test methods for gasoline (see AFNOR information document M15-001). 

Specifications and test methods for diesel fuel (normal and severe cold grades) (from the standard NF EN 590 see AFNOR information document M15-007 and M15-022). 

Special Boiling Point Spirits (SBP s) (see AFNOR information document M 15-002forSBPH). 

Table 7.8b White-spirits (see AFNOR information documents M15-006 and M15-014). ...

FOL No. 2 which can require supplementary specifications such as BTS (Low Sulfur content) and TBTS (Very Low Sulfur content). See AFNOR information documents M 15-010, M 15-011, M 15-012, M 15-013. 

Following the draft european standard [4] for type testing, quality of the detection media shall be verified on 2 reference blocks as shown in Fig. 2. On the reference block No. 1, created by Mr. Dickhaut [7], (Nr. 3 of the MTU) the indications shall be valuated by comparison with the indications of a detection medium with known quality. On reference block No. 2 (AFNOR-C A-C) the lenght of the indications shall be determined as a measure for the quality. 

The standards concerning the verification of ultrasonic equipment for non destructive testing, which are currently applicable in European countries consist in texts from different origins, such as German (DIN) British (B.S.), Italian and French (AFNOR). 

France AFNOR, NF, Association Francaise de Normahsation, Tour Europe, Cedex 7, 92080 Paris-La Defense. 

Generally speaking, lavandin oil is characterized by a lower quantity of esters, the most critical of which for odor quaUty is linalyl acetate (24). The French specification organization (AFNOR) has fixed provisional standards for both oils (17) (Table 6). 

Table 6. Provisional AFNOR Specifications for Lavender and Lavandin Oils...

For code R8 it commences with a solid with the help of AFNOR standards NF T 20-035 . Handling consists in preparing mixtures of variable compositions of an oxidant to be classified as cellulose. Both substances have to have a definite particle size distribution. The composition which gives the fastest combustion on a moulding of the mixture at a distance of 20 cm is established. This speed is compared with the one of the mixture used as a reference, which has an imposed composition of barium nitrate and cellulose. If the combustion speed of the particular substance is higher than that of the reference, it will bear R8. 

As microwave sample preparation has evolved, standard microwave procedures have been developed and approved by numerous standard methods organisations (ASTM, AOAC International, EPA, etc.), see ref. [64]. Examples are standard test methods for carbon black/ash content (ASTM Method D 1506-97), lead analysis in direct paint samples (ASTM Method E 1645-94), etc. Table 8.15 shows some microwave ashing references (detection weight). A French AFNOR method utilises the atmospheric pressure single-mode microwave method as an alternative sample preparation procedure for Kjeldahl nitrogen determination [84], The performance of a microwave-assisted decomposition for rapid determination of glass fibre content in plastics for QC has been described [85]. 

For standardised instrumental analytical methods, i.e. biomarkers, biosensors and bioassays, there are well-established standard protocols on the national level, e.g. under Association Francaise de Normalisation (AFNOR), British Standard Institute (BSI), DIN (German Organisation for Standardisation), etc., and all those standards are formed by ISO-Working Groups and by validation studies into ISO - and CEN - Standards. Normal accredited and well-qualified laboratories should be able to perform the monitoring. 

Satisfied ASTM E-11 -190 BS 410 1969 AFNOR NFX 11-501 and DIN 53477/1 separation of coarse grain material... 

France Norme experimentale—Odour standard, 1st draft (1982). Pollution atmospheric, methode de mesurage de l odeur d un effluent gazeux, determination du facteur de dilution au seuil de perception—X 43-101. AFNOR, Tour Europe Cedex 7, 92080 Paris. 

AFNOR Standard Air pollution—Method of measuring odors from gaseous effluents... 

Three Western European Guidelines for olfactometric measurements are discussed and compared with the Dutch guideline namely the VDI Richdinie (10), the AFNOR Norme experimentale (1) and the Warren Spring Laboratory (WSL) guideline (2, 6). 

Perception of odour concentrations around the threshold value is strongly effected by the presence of other odours. Results can be influenced very negatively if tests are carried out in the neighbourhood of odour sources. Measuring in odour-free surroundings is particularly important for mobile or transportable olfactometers. Also for laboratory measurements this is strongly recommended in the Netherlands. AFNOR also prescribes it and the VDI in a minor way. The WSL, on the other hand, does not prescribe odour-free surroundings for their transportable olfactometer. 

AFNOR (1982), Methode de mesurage de l odeur d un effluent gazeux,... 

International ISO Germany DIN Great Britain BSI France AFNOR Japan JIS... 

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