Adenomas

In an animal study of rats exposed by inhalation to ethylene oxide at 10, 33, or 100 ppm for approximately two years (245), and in a separate chronic rat study in which rats were exposed to 50 or 100 ppm of ethylene oxide (240), increased incidences of mononuclear cell leukemia, peritoneal mesothelioma, and various brain tumors have been reported. In an NTP (246) two-year inhalation study of mice at 50 and 100 ppm, alveolar/bronchiolar carcinomas and adenomas, papillary cystadenomas of the harderian gland, and malignant lymphomas, uterine adenocarcinomas, and mammary gland tumors were increased in one or both exposure groups. 

Fuhrer D, Krohn K, Paschke R (2005) Toxic Adenoma and toxic Multinodular Goiter. In Braverman, LE Utiger (Hrsg.) RD (eds) Lippincott Williams Wilkins, ISBN 0-7817-5047-4, The Thyroid, 508-518... 

Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis), defined as excessive thyroid activity, causes a state of thyroid hormone excess (thyrotoxicosis) characterized by an increased metabolic rate, increase in body temperature, sweating, tachycardia, tremor, nervousness, increased appetite and loss of weight. Common causes of hyperthyroidism are toxic multinodular goiter, toxic adenoma or diffuse toxic goitre ( Graves disease). Antithyroid diugs (methimazol, carbimazole, propylthiouracil) block thyroid hormone production and are hence suitable for the treatment of hyperthyroidism. 

Warning associated with the administration of estrogen include an increased risk of endometrial cancer, gallbladder disease, hypertension, hepatic adenoma (a benign tumor of the liver), cardiovascular disease, increased risk of thromboembolic disease and hypercalcemia in those with breast cancer and bone metastases. 

Primary hyperparathyroidism occurs as a result of hyperplasia or the occurrence of adenoma. Secondary hyperparathyroidism may result from renal failure because of the associated phosphate retention, resistance to the metabolic actions of PTH, or impaired vitamin D metabolism. The last-mentioned factor is primarily responsible for the development of osteomalacia. Muscle symptoms are much more common in patients with osteomalacia than in primary hyperparathyroidism. Muscle biopsy has revealed disseminated atrophy, sometimes confined to type 2 fibers, but in other cases involving both fiber types. Clinical features of osteomalacic myopathy are proximal limb weakness and associated bone pain the condition responds well to treatment with vitamin D. 

ATC CIOAX G04C Use prostata adenoma therapeutic (benign... 

Many of these intracellular events are critical to the prohferative effects of CXCL12. For example, the CXCL12-induced effect on proliferation is dependent on calcium. Pre-treatment of pituitary adenoma cells with BAPTA-AM abohshes the CXCL12-induced increase in prohferation (Florio et al. 2006). The increase in proliferation also requires activation of Erk 1/2, as pre-treatment with PD98059, a MEK inhibitor, blocks the proliferative effect of CXCL12, and this is correlated with a decrease in Erk 1/2 phosphorylation. Similarly, the proliferative effects of... 

LIN H J, PROBST-HENSCH N M, LOUIE A D, KAU I H, WITTE J S, INGLES S A, FRANKL H D, LEE E R and HAILE R w (1998) Glutathione transferase null genotype, broccoli and lower prevalence of colorectal adenomas . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 7 647-52. 

NNN is formally a derivative of NPYR, but the pyridine ring has a marked effect on its metabolism and carcinogenicity. NNN induces lung adenomas in mice, esophageal and nasal cavity tumors... 

The nitrosating agent could be important biologically since lung adenomas were induced in mice exposed to 1-2 ppm NO2 by inhalation and treated with morpholine (1.0 g/L drinking-water) (18). 

Using a piperazine and nitrite system, lung adenoma induction was approximately proportional to piperazine dose and to the square of nitrite dose, when precursor concentrations were varied (33). When sodium ascorbate was added to the food together with the amine or urea and NaNO was added to drinking water, the number of lung adenomas was reduced, compared to the group without sodium ascorbate ( ). 

Mouse i.p. Lung (Adenoma, Adeno carcinoma) Salivary glands ( ) 29,47,48 29... 

Rat s.c. Nasal Cavity (Carcinoma) Liver Lung (Adenoma, Carcinoma) 44... 

Eight rats had at least one of the tumors tabulated here. In addition, the following miscellaneous tumors were noted 1 rat had cortical adenoma of adrenal gland, 1 had follicular adenoma of thyroid gland, and 1 had pulmonary adenoma. 

One rat also had an adenocortical adenoma, and the other had a gastric adenoma and a thyroid adenoma. 

Paganelli, G.M., Biasco, G., Brandi, G., Santucci, R., Gizzi, G., Villani, V., Cianci, M., Miglioli, M. and Barbara, L. (1992). Effect of vitamin A, C and E supplementation on rectal cell proliferation in patients with colorectal adenomas. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 84, 47-51. 

Vomiting, nasogastric suctioning, and chloride (secretory) diarrhea (villous adenoma or laxative abuse)... 

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