Liver adenoma

ACHES—for women taking hormonal contraceptives A = Abdominal pain. This may be an early warning sign of the presence of an abdominal thromboembolism, liver adenoma, or gallbladder disease. 

Inhalation of monomethylhydrazine was not carcinogenic in rats or dogs, but mice exposed at 2 ppm for 1 y exhibited an increased incidence of lung tumors, nasal adenomas, nasal polyps, nasal osteomas, hemangioma, and liver adenomas and carcinomas. Hamsters exposed at 2 or 5 ppm exhibited an increased incidence in nasal polyps, interstitial fibrosis of the kidney, and benign adrenal adenomas. An increase in nasal adenomas was seen in hamsters exposed at 5 ppm. 

Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate was tested for carcinogenicity by oral administration in one experiment in mice and one experiment in rats. In mice, liver adenomas and carcinomas were produced in both males and females. No treatment-related tumours were observed in rats. 

Ethylbenzene was tested by inhalation exposure in single experiments in mice and rats. In mice, it increased the incidence of lung adenomas in males and of liver adenomas in females. In male rats, it increased the incidence of renal tubule adenomas and carcinomas. An increase in the incidence of renal adenomas was seen in females only after step-sectioning. A study in rats by oral administration could not be evaluated. A metabolite of ethylbenzene, 1-phenylethanol, increased the incidence of renal tubule adenomas in male rats. 

Benzyl acetate was tested for carcinogenicity by gavage in one experiment in mice of both sexes and in one experiment in rats of both sexes. In the study in mice, increased incidences of liver adenomas and of combined liver adenomas and carcinomas were observed in animals of each sex the incidence of carcinomas of the liver alone was not significantly increased in animals of either sex. An increased incidence of forestomach tumours was observed in mice of each sex. An increased incidence of acinar-cell adenomas of the pancreas was observed in male rats (lARC, 1986). 

The most common adverse effects of ritonavir are gastrointestinal disturbances, paresthesias (circumoral and peripheral), elevated serum aminotransferase levels, altered taste, and hypertriglyceridemia. Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain typically occur during the first few weeks of therapy, and patients should be told to expect them. Slow dose escalation over 4-5 days is recommended to decrease the frequency of dose-limiting side effects. Liver adenomas and carcinomas have been induced in male mice receiving ritonavir no similar effects have been observed to date in humans. 

Both liver adenomas and nodular regenerative hyperplasia can cause a presinusoidal block due to distortion of the portal veins. Wilson s disease leads to an overlapping of presinusoidal and sinusoidal portal hypertension. In alcoholic cirrhosis, there is an overlap of the sinusoidal and postsinusoidal forms. 

Arsenic Arsenic poisoning is of great medicohistorical interest, (s. p. 564) Chronic arsenic intoxication can be caused by inhalation or, more often, by oral uptake. Steatosis and cell necrosis occur in the liver fibrosis or cirrhosis with portal hypertension and oesophageal varices develop. The presence of liver adenoma and VOD as well as hver carcinoma or haemangioendothelioma has been described. (16, 42, 50, 53, 60, 76)... 

Hashimoto, L., Dabbs, A., Sewell, R, Doherty, M. Resection and radio frequency ablation of multiple liver adenomas secondary to anti-con-ceptive pills (case report). Hepato-Gastroenterol. 2004 51 837—838... 

Chronic effects following permethrin exposure in humans have not been reported. US Environmental Protection Agency classifies permethrin as a possible human carcinogen based on findings of lung adenomas and combined adenomas/carcinomas and liver adenomas in mice. 

B (CEL hemangiomas and hemangioendotheliomas predominantly in the liver, adenomas and adenocarcinomas of the lungs)... 

Figure 29.1. Likelihood density function for fit to the data on liver adenoma or carcinoma...

Reversible diffuse mild swelling of hepatocytes, decreased SGPT activity, increased liver weight in dogs mild hepatic hyperplasia, increased hepatocyte vacuolization in rats fatty changes in hepatocytes, increased hepatocytic vacuolization, increased liver adenomas in mice... 

The incidence of histologically confirmed tumors in Fischer-344 rats treated for 2 years with 2, 8, or 32 mg/kg/day of isotretinoin was no greater than the incidence in control rats except for pheochromocytoma. An increased incidence of the adrenal medullary tumor was noted in male and female rats treated with 32 mg/kg/day of isotretinoin and in male rats treated with 8 mg/kg/day pheochromocytoma occurred in rats treated with 2 mg/kg/day of isotretinoin with about the same incidence as in control rats. It is of interest that the incidence of leukemia in female rats treated with the high dose of isotretinoin and the incidences of liver adenomas and liver angiomas in male rats treated with 8 or 32 mg/kg/day of the retinoid were decreased relative to control rats. 

Malignant transformation (e.g., liver adenomas) and other extrarenal => US, CT/MRI manifestation of a systemic disease (e.g., Goodpasture syndrome, etc.)... 

The frequency with which hepatic adenoma occurs during oral contraceptive treatment is not clear. It is probably a rare reaction since the number of cases reported in the literature is so small in relation to the number of women who have been using oral contraceptives. Because of the severity of the reaction, however, a careful watch on the problem must be kept and when an abdominal emergency develops in a woman of childbearing age the possibility of a ruptured liver adenoma must be born in mind. 

---