Adenoma differential diagnosis

In the case of differential diagnosis of adenoma versus focal nodular hyperplasia, scintigraphy is indicated, whereas in the case of metastases, more reliable imaging techniques are preferred, (s. fig. 9.4)... 

TABLE 9.8 Differential Diagnosis of Invasive-Ectopic Pituitary Adenoma ... 

Myoepitheliomas should be distinguished from pleomorphic adenomas and other salivary gland neoplasms. But the differential diagnosis may also include non-salivary gland lesions, depending on the predominant cell type in the myoepithelioma. For example, spindle cell myoepitheliomas should be differentiated from leiomyomas, schwannomas, and other spindle cell lesions. 

TABLE 9.12 Differential Diagnosis of Pleomorphic Adenoma (PA), Polymorphous Low-Grade Adenocarcinoma (PLGA), and Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (ACC) ... 

Metanephric adenoma of the kidney is a unique form of renal adenoma characterized by a proliferation of tubular and micropapillary to glomeruloid structures lined by bland cuboidal epithelial cells. The relatively high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio of metanephric adenoma cells and their slightly amphophilic cytoplasmic coloration impart a typical blue low-power appearance to the neoplastic nodule. The latter is in contrast to the lighter eosinophilic appearance of its main differential diagnosis entity, namely the solid variant of papillary Like papillary RCC, metanephric adenoma can feature foamy histiocytes in papillary cores and occasional psammomatous calcifications. Helpful... 

Olgac S, Hutchinson B, Tickoo SK, Reuter VE. Alpha-methyl-acyl-CoA racemase as a marker in the differential diagnosis of metanephric adenoma. Mod Pathol. 2006 19 218. 

The applications of MR imaging include evaluation of the functioning uterus and ovaries, visualization of pituitary adenomas, differentiation of mullerian duct anomalies, and accurate noninvasive diagnosis of adenomyosis, leiomyoma, and endometriosis. In addition, MR imaging helps predict the outcome of conservative treatment for adenomyosis, leiomyoma, and endometriosis and may lead to selection of better treatment plans and management... 

Differential diagnosis between adenoma an carcinoma sometimes difficult ramified papillary projection with central vasculoconjunctive core and mono- or multilayered epithelium whose cells may be more or less differentiated Poor I Uptake (slow growth)... 

The differential diagnosis of FNH includes other hypervascular tumors such as hepatocellular adenoma, hepatocellular carcinoma (particularly fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma), and hypervascular metas-tases (Table 9.2). 

Another clinical problem concerns the differential diagnosis between patients with hepatic adenoma and patients with different solid, hypervascular hepatic masses. 

Endothelial cell differentiation in hepatocellular adenomas implication for histopathological diagnosis. J. Hepatol. 2004 41 259 - 266... 

Tg is primarily used as a tumor marker in patients carrying a diagnosis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Although serum Tg is elevated in patients with thyroid cancer, including thyroid follicular and papillary carcinoma, elevations are also are seen in nonneoplastic conditions such as thyroid adenoma, subacute thyroiditis, Hashimoto s thyroiditis, and Graves disease. Serum Tg concentrations are not increased in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma. 

In up to 5% of patients undergoing contrast-enhanced abdominal CT, an incidental adrenal mass is discovered (Korobkin et al. 1996). In order to differentiate a lipid-rich adrenal adenomas from pheochromocytomas and other masses such as metastases, patients have to either undergo additional NCCT or chemical-shift MR imaging (Israel et al. 2004). The diagnostic criterion at NCCT that is used to make the diagnosis of adrenal adenoma is low mean attenuation of the lesion <10-15 HU, which is caused by the presence of intracellular fat (Israel et al. 2004). In cases with... 

---