Hazardous waste transportation

The means of transporting hazardous waste into the incinerator plant should be carefully considered. Routes of access should be selected to minimize accident (release) potential and to avoid residential and play areas if possible. For the remediation of Superfund sites, for which no over-the-road hauling is required, care is still needed to avoid spills and releases when transporting the wastes on-site. 

Any person who transports, or offers for transportation, hazardous waste for off-site treatment, storage, or disposal must prepare a manifest before transporting the waste off-site. The person must designate, on the manifest, one facility which is permitted to handle the waste described on the manifest. A person may also designate one alternate facility that can be... 

Tmcks transporting hazardous wastes to cement kilns are regulated by Federal and State transportation agencies. This means they are controlled every step of the way. All trucks must meet U.S. Department of Transportation standards, which require all hazardous wastes to be transported under strict conditions in specially designed containers. State transportation agencies test and hcence truck drivers to ensure they understand the precautions required with these fuels. 

It is always difficult to find a suitable shipping conpany for transporting hazardous waste. They fear problems from environmental groups as well as problems during stopover in a third country. Under the Basel Convention there is an established notification process to inform third countries in advance about the transport of hazardous waste, but some governments do not want foreign waste to pass through their territory. 

FIGURE 19.6 A schematic of a CMP waste treatment system with solids concentration and removal as the primary unit operation. Although this is a feasible method for treating CMP wastewater, it is the most expensive option because of the cost of transporting hazardous waste. 

The transport of lithium batteries varies from country to country. In most countries the batteries must be shipped as a hazardous waste UN3091. Only transport companies approved and permitted are allowed to transport hazardous waste and the waste must be labeled and manifested as hazardous waste. There are exceptions depending on the type of battery and the quantity of lithium contained within the... 

All persons shipping or transporting hazardous waste as defined under RCRA should be familiar with this Part. Only the most significant Part 172 regulations are discussed below. 

Persons transporting hazardous waste by any of the modes mentioned above must maintain an adequate supply of the labels and placards required under Part 172 and replace any that are lost or destroyed during transport as soon as possible. Replacement labels should be worded in accordance with information provided on the shipping papers that accompany the hazardous waste to be labeled. 

These state that generators that transport hazardous waste or offer it for transportation, offsite treatment, storage, or disposal must use a manifest so that the shipment is tracked from generation through to final disposition. The EPA s hazardous wastes are subsets of solid wastes, which include solids, liquids, semisolids, or gaseous materials that are discarded, abandoned, recycled, or inherently waste-like and are not otherwise excluded. 

A special U.S. Department of Transportation Hazardous Waste Manifest is needed to transport these hazardous chanicals across the nation s highways. Drivers of such vehicles must possess a Commercial Drivers License (CDL) and be trained in the safe transport of hazardous waste. 

Transporter Company that removes and transports hazardous wastes for generators. 

Transporters. Hazardous-waste transportation is a growing business. In the United States, the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act (HMTA) requires strict compliance with federal laws and applies not only to transporters of hazardous materials but also to generators who engage the services of such transportation companies. Transporters must be issued an identification number and are required to use the RCRA manifest system. The Department of Transportation is involved in ensuring compliance with the HMTA. 

The main objectives of RCRA ate to protect pubHc health and the environment and to conserve natural resources. The act requires EPA to develop and adininistet the following programs soHd waste disposal practices providing acceptable protection levels for pubHc health and the environment transportation, storage, treatment, and disposal of hazardous wastes practices that eliminate or minimize hazards to human health and the environment the use of resource conservation and recovery whenever technically and economically feasible and federal, state, and local programs to achieve these objectives. 

Transportation and Disposal. Only highly alkaline forms of soluble sihcates are regulated by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) as hazardous materials for transportation. When discarded, these ate classified as hazardous waste under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Typical members of this class are sodium sihcate solutions having sihca-to-alkah ratios of less than 1.6 and sodium sihcate powders with ratios of less than 1.0. In the recommended treatment and disposal method, the soluble sihcates are neutralized with aqueous acid (6 Af or equivalent), and the resulting sihca gel is disposed of according to local, state, and federal regulations. The neutral hquid, a salt solution, can be flushed iato sewer systems (86). 

To achieve these objectives, RCRA authorized EPA to regulate the generation, treatment, storage, transportation, and dispos of hazardous wastes. The structure of the national hazardous waste regula-toiy program envisioned by Congress is laid out in Subtitle C of RCRA (Sections 3001 through 3019), vdiich authorized EPA to ... 

TABLE 25-56 Typical Data on Containers Used for Storage and Transport of Hazardous Wastes... 

Transportation Costs Most waste trucddug is done by commercial and hazardous waste firms. Costs are quoted per load, based on cost for transport (charged per load mile) from point of generation to its destination at a landfill or TSD facility. A strategy wriich permits shipment of full truckloads minimizes the transportation cost per ton. 

Transfer and Transport of Hazardous Wastes The facilities of a hazardous-waste transfer station are quite different from those of an industrial or municipal sohd-waste transfer station. Typically, hazardous wastes are not compacted (mechanical volume reduction). 

It is unusual to find a hazardous-waste-transfer facility at which wastes are simply transferred to larger transport vehicles. Some processing and storage facihties are often part of the materials-handliug sequence at a transfer sec tion. For example, neutralization of corrosive wastes will resiilt in the use of lower-cost holding tanks on transport vehicles. 

Despite the attractions of economic forces driving environmental protection, some cautions and failures have been noted. Firstly, the export of hazardous waste to countries where costs for treatment are lower enhances environmental risks during transport and has the potential for transboundary export in the event of pollution. At the same time, the loss of raw material may deprive the home market of an adequate supply of feedstock for the home-based industry. Secondly, there is considerable scepticism that self-regulation of TBT-based antifoulants could be achieved in a timely manner by the shipping industry. This is an instance where the cost benehts to one industry are born by another commercial sector, notably aquaculture. Thus, protection of the marine environment is likely to be aided by economic factors but the role of government, via taxation and standard setting, is not likely to be usurped. Public education and, in turn, pressure, can promote and support corporate environmentalism. 

Are the hazards associated with handling hazardous wastes disclosed to the disposal facility If yes, does the disclosure include information on proper spill response measures and is it protective of employees, transporters and waste handlers. 

Table 28-2 lists some of the currently used pretreatments and ultimate disposal methods for hazardous wastes (6). Pretreatment refers almost entirely to thickening or dewatering processes for liquids or sludges. This process not only reduces the volume of the waste but also allows easier handling and transport. 

Tracks waste from collection to treatment. Database of 2,600 common chemicals which provides the EPA number for each chemical, DOT classiHcation for hazardous waste transport, and permit information. Templates for all required fornts, labels, and notices. 

Maintains information about hazardous waste generators, transporters, disposal facilities, materials shipped, and how they have been shipped. Assists with Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest document required by RCRA. Generates records and letters. Requires 200K memory plus IK memory for each record and a printer that can penetrate a six-part form. 

Normal work elothes are appropriate for the support zone. PPE worn for the hazardous waste work should remain in the CRZ/C. At some point, this PPE will be deeontaminated or paekaged for transport and disposal or deeontamination. Separate support zone faeilities may not be needed where site faeilities are readily available and near to the worksite, and if elose eommunieation is maintained. Eor multiple hazardous waste operations eondueted in elose proximity, it is possible to design one support zone to serve several operations. This will depend on the logisties of the projeet. 

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