Training construction sites

Large-scale models, to a scale of at least 1 30, are normally made for major projects. These models are used for piping design and to decide the detailed arrangement of small items of equipment, such as valves, instruments and sample points. Piping isometric diagrams are taken from the finished models. The models are also useful on the construction site, and for operator training. Proprietary kits of parts are available for the construction of plant models. 

Some experts estimate about 10 percent of the aerosols in the atmosphere come from human-made sources, mainly from burning things.11 Car engines, power plants, airplanes, and trains all burn fuel and emit smoky aerosols. In addition, cleared land and construction sites stir up dirt and dust to form aerosols. 

Workers at factories, storage facilities, construction sites, and at small- and medium-sized enterprises are potentially exposed to industrial chemical hazards. The elements common to workplace hazard communications systems include labels, MSDS/SDS, and training. 

If employees received safety training, without any protective measures at the construction site, major hazards presented or exposed in front of employees directly, resulting in safe environment sensitivity to the staff, and they are always careful. When unsafe behavior occurs, staff will take into account the possible consequences without safety measures subconsciously, and the number and types of unsafe behavior will be relatively reduced. 

In special cases it is more convenient to work with moimtain climbing than with traditional construction site equipment requiring an according education and training of the involved staff (Fig. 16.8). 

Where sound levels exceed the PNEs, you must also implement a hearing conservation program. An effective program monitors employee exposure, administers annual audiograms, trains workers, and maintains proper recordkeeping. You should keep records on the noise created by different machines and operations at your construction site. Measurements should be taken with a sound level meter, at slow response, measured on the A-scale. 

Different colors are associated with different meanings and levels of risk. When apphed at a construction site as safety colors, trained employees are able to take certain safety colors more seriously than others and identify a hazard more qrdckly. 

The Department of Labor itself is required to establish and supervise programs for the education and training of employers and employees in the recognition, avoidance, and prevention of unsafe conditions at construction sites. 

Use actual signs, tags, signals, and barricades that are in use or will be in use at your construction site(s), to train employees on what they look like and how and when they should be used. For common signs, you do not need to provide an example (for instance, eveiyone knows what a stop sign looks like), but for uncommon or unusual signs, it might be helpful to show trainees a sample. 

While there is no requirement to provide such overview training on site safety, such training generally makes employees more aware of the potential hazards of the type of site on which they are working, and can improve general awareness of and attitudes toward safety on the construction worksite. 

Prevention is the primary goal of any occupational safety program. Prevention isn t always possible, so workers on construction sites should never be alone. In the event of an incident, someone needs to be able to call for help. All workers should be trained in the hazards they face on a construction site, and they should also be equipped with the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). When hazards can be engineered out, they should be. The safety professional needs an in-depth knowledge of potential construction hazards so that he or she knows how to take an engineering approach. Worker attitude and behavior must be addressed. Horseplay, shortcuts, and lack of attention can and do kill on a construction site. New workers... 

The concept of the HSEQ Training Park as a new novel safety training innovation has been introduced in Finland. The original concept by the Rudus Construction Company in Espoo in Southern Finland was followed by a joint development process in Northern Finland, in Oulu. The construction process of the Training Park in Oulu shows how rival companies can joindy develop new kinds of practices when aU stakeholders have a common interest in accident-free construction sites. A good benchmark for the constmction industry as regards cooperation could be the Northern Finnish process industry, which has for years successfully jointly developed HSEQ practices, as reported by Vayrynen et al. (2012). 

In the USA the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (N.I.O.S.H.) determines standards of occupational health and safety at work and organises training and research facilities. The Occupational Safety and Health Act 1970 applies to workers in industry, agriculture and construction sites and requires that employers must provide a place of work free from hazards likely to cause death or serious harm to employees. ... 

Q. Is there an OSHA requirement that obiigates employers to ensure that their employees can communicate with supervisors and co-workers in English at construction sites so that they can understand safety training and instructions and coordinate safely with co-workers ... 

There s the problem, there are people getting killed. They ve got a construction site which goes from Victoria to Brighton and on that construction site uneven floors, they ve got a rail with 750 volts going down the middle of it unprotected and people are walking round it. They ve got trains coming at them at 100 m.p.h. Now that s a problem, that s a problem isn t it (union safety official)... 

ILO. (1995). Safety, Health and Welfare on Construction Sites - A Training Manual. Geneva ILO. 

In case of an evacuation for a bomb threat, it advisable to turn off any two-way radios and prohibit cell phone nsage. These devices may inadvertently cause a detonation for some devices. This is a standard practice when explosives are in use on construction sites or during military training. 

In areas of greater risk, the employer needs to provide better services. In such areas a first aider should be available to give first aid immediately after an accident has occurred. Where the process includes the possibilities of gassing or poisoning, the first aider may need special training to deal with these specific risks. Adequate first aid rooms and equipment may be required, especially in areas of high risk such as the chemical industry and on construction sites. 

Your letter lists four subjects included in the lUOE Locai s PIT training, and you ask if construction employers are required to provide any additional training for employees. Your list did not include training in the standard itself, as required in 1910.178(l)(3)(iii). In addition, employers may need to ensure that additional training on site-specific or truck-specific matters is provided. One such example might be instruction on the safe operation of trucks with specialized attachments so that the operator understands the restrictions and limitations of the vehicle with those attachments. However, if the employee already has been trained to operate with those attachments, then the employer need not duplicate that training. 

Ensure that every contractor and employee complies with the construction phase plan >- Ensure that only authorised people are allowed on the construction site during the project >- Ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that all persons concerned with the project are suitably trained and kept informed of the health and safety requirements... 

This Regulation makes provision for employers jointly occupying a work site, e.g. a construction site, trading estate or office block, to co-operate and co-ordinate their health and safety activities, particularly where there are risks common to everyone, irrespective of their work activity. Fields of co-operation and co-ordination include health and safety training, safety monitoring procedmes, emergency arrangements, welfare amenity provisions, etc. In some cases, the appointment of a health and safety co-ordinator should be considered. 

Safety training is not just a matter of handing out booklets - it is unwise to assume anything about people s previous experiences in construction work, or even their ability to read and understand instructions and information. Safety awareness is not inherited, and induction training on sites is required to make sure that everyone knows what the hazards and the control measures are. 

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