Enterprises medium-sized

Altogether, the industry of Ukraine includes more than 10000 state and joint stock enterprises, and hundreds of private and collectively owned small and medium-sized businesses have been established over the last years, which operate in various industries. 

HS(Gjl37 Health risk management a practical guide for managers m small and medium-sized enterprises... 

Edwards, A.J. ISO I400I Environmental Certification Step by Step. Oxford, U.K. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001. - Written primarily for small and medium-sized enterprises, this book sets out an overall program for establishing an EMS, and provides step-by-step directions for implementation in conformance with ISO 14001. 

Business-to-business - mentors with corporate managerial expertise are matched to the needs of owner-managers of small and medium-sized enterprises. Typically, the mentors focus on supporting mentees to enhance clarity and effectiveness in business. 

Health risk management - A practical guide for managers in small and medium-sized enterprises HSG137 HSE Books 1995 ISBN 0 7176 0905 7... 

The relatively low entry level instrumentation cost and the relatively simple experimental methods associated with GARField - both comparable to a standard bench-top relaxation analysis spectrometer as commonly used by the food industry, for example, for water/fat ratio determinations - offer potential advantages to the industrial based user. Indeed, the overwhelming majority of the applications development work described here has been carried out in collaboration with major multi-national industrial corporations such as ICI Paints, Unilever and Uniqema, with industry sponsored research laboratories and associations such as Traetek, and with a range of small-medium sized enterprises. 

Disseminate knowledge and methodologies to small- and medium-sized enterprises. Provide technical support to small- and medium-sized enterprises. 

The CAMD-based MILP-optimization problem, as formulated above, has been solved for the replacement of solvents that are currently used in small to medium sized enterprises. 

While the proactive efforts of some of industry demonstrate that substitution is indeed feasible, voluntary action will not solve the global problem of chemical contamination. Such action needs to be universal and across all industry sectors and size of firms. Industry needs clear criteria in which to operate and innovate. In particular, small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) need clear criteria to chart their way forward in a competitive economy. 

However, exclusively regulation-driven substitution of hazardous substances does not work. Approaches based on general regulations, e.g. the substitution principle contained in the Ordinance on Hazardous Substances, are unable to take action up to the level of small and medium-sized enterprises or crafts users due to structure-related deficits in enforcement. This means that additional driving forces are needed. However, the legally established obhgation of industrial or commer-... 

Many aspects of substitution, its conditions and effects already described in existing subject literature were confirmed in the course of work on the case studies, but this was mostly only in certain cases and without any systematic framework for interpretation. This includes the enforcement deficit for application-related regulations in small and medium-sized enterprises, the obstractive behaviour of powerful associations or the trend towards more public attention with regard to substances in consumer products - in comparison with commercially used preparations or substances. 

Voullaire and Kliemt BAuA publications series (1995). Hazardous substances in small and medium-sized enterprises - Proceedings of the information symposium in Dortmund on 7% 8 May 1996 BAuA publications series Tb 75, Dortmund/Berlin 1997... 

The leeway and motivations for substituting hazardous substances may indeed differ between small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and large-scale enterprises. However, neither of the two types of enterprises appears to be more iimo-vative than the other per se. For example, the qualification of employees, the capital intensity of production, the availability of capital for research and development, the type of production and the competition strategy (mass or quality), the position on the supply chain as well as the corporate culture are at least just as decisive. 

The capacities for ambitious risk management are limited for private end-consumers and also in small and medium sized enterprises. Suppliers of chemical products for these users should therefore inaugurate the development of intrinsically safe products as a guiding principle. These products would be regarded as innovative because of their technical efficiency and their low risk aspect in use. 

State institutions can snpport pilot and reference enterprises by promoting innovation. Promotion of both vertical and horizontal communication (e.g. branch dialogue) and - especially for small and medium sized enterprises - the provision of basic intermediate input, e.g. free offers of information, branch benchmarks or initiate qualification programmes. 

Wang, L.K. Identification, Transfer, Acquisition and Implementation of Environmental Technologies Suitable for Small and Medium Size Enterprises United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Vienna, Austria, 1995 Technical paper no. 9-9-95, 5 p. 

Are these small (to 50 employees), medium-sized (51 to 250 employees) or big enterprises (more as 250 employees) medium-sized ... 

The size pattern of those enterprises in the industry deviates significantly from that of the business enterprises. While in Austria s industrial sector 45.5% of the companies are counted as very small ones (maximum 9 employees), in the business enterprise - related segment that number is almost double (86.4%). Roughly one quarter of the industrial companies are small ones (10 to 49 employees) and one fifth are medium sized ones (50 to 249 employees). 

The Austrian industrial landscape 2003 is characterised by small and medium sized enterprises (SME). A special survey of the Leistungs- und Strukturstatistik (performance and structural statistics) 2003 showed that 91.3% of the enterprises employed less than 250 people. 

The Chemical Leasing (ChL) approach is a new and innovative instrument to promote sustainable management of chemicals and close the material cycles between suppliers and users of chemicals ("closing the loops"). Chemical Leasing is applicable to large companies as well as small and medium size enterprises of different sectors. Experience shows that these new models reduce ineffective use and over-consumption of chemicals and help companies to enhance their economic performance. 

ChemKit has set itself the aim of raising awareness among the broad spectrum of Austrian small- and medium-sized enterprises with regard to the advantages of a more efficient use of chemicals and to provide information in order to allay any reservations there may be regarding this scheme, in order to secure its pioneering role in the Austrian environmental consulting market. 

The new REACH system is setting high standards for the protection of health and the environment while aiming at safeguarding the competitiveness of enterprises and improving the potential for product innovation. This balance would be to the long-term benefit of chemicals manufacturers, importers, users, small and medium sized enterprises, consumers and for health and the environment. 

Once established, Chemical Leasing approaches satisfied all the partners involved, who unanimously declared that implementation was successful and that they do not at all regret having carried it out and that its merits are obvious, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises. In this context, the coordinating activities of independent entities, such as the UNIDO National Cleaner Production Centres (NCPCs), are considered to be important key factors for success and also ensure adequate benefit sharing and proper monitoring of Chemical Leasing projects. 

Since 1994, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) has been operating the Cleaner Production programme. The goal of this programme is to assist small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries and countries with economies in transition to improve their productivity while preventing unfavourable impacts on the environment. 

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