Monitoring safety

Because of safety concerns, all combustible and/or toxic gases must be used in outdoor test loops or in a special indoor test building with the required safety monitoring equipment. The gas cost factor makes the problem even more difficult. The problem of known gas properties adds another complication. Despite all the negative aspects just mentioned, most performance tests are closed-loop tested. 

Safety Monitor is an interactive computer program (Stamm, 1996) that performs real-time assessments of configuration-specific plant accident risk. Originally used at Southern California Edison s San Onofre station in 1994, further development was sponsored by three nuclear utilities and EPRI, to include shutdown operation and expanded user features. It will be enhanced to calculate large early release frequency (a Level 2 risk). 

Stamm, J. et al.. 1996, Safety Monitor Implementation Project at Wolf Creek, Callaway, and Comanche Peak Stations, PSA 96, Park City, UT, p 12-19, Sept. 29 - Oct. 3. 

Integrated control system This includes various safety, monitoring, and control systems, including a reactor protection system. 

Note that there are many other applications of detectors in an astronomical observatory, including detectors that are used for active optics, site monitoring (seeing, cloud cover), surveillance and safety monitoring. 

Fl-Monltor Universal Safety Monitor and Controller-Model FM/U/B Flsons Instruments... 

Koutsoumanis, K., Taoukis, P.S., and Nychas, G.J.E., Development of a safety monitoring and assurance system for chilled food products, Int J. Food Microbiol., 100, 253, 2005. 

Table 54-3 highlights dosing, safety, monitoring, and patient counseling information for the common DMARDs and BRMs. 

Pathogen Recommended and Alternative Antimicrobial Therapy (Adult Doses Pediatric Doses) Adverse Effects/Safety Monitoring Duration (Days)... 

The adverse event form is a cornerstone of patient safety monitoring, and as such it contains very important data. There are several data issues for the statistical programmer to be concerned about here. 

Tweeddale H.M., 1995. Principles and practises for designing of process safety monitoring and auditing programmes, Proceedings of the 8th International symposium on Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the process industries, Antwerpen, pp. 71-82. 

Sponsor Monitoring. Another important oversight process to ensure quality, compliance, and subject safety, monitors may be employees of the sponsor s medical staff or a contract research organization, or may be independent contractors. In each... 

The best science in the world, as evidenced and described in this book, has to be balanced and tempered with thorough safety monitoring in order to safely provide the new drug discoveries with patients. 

EMEA The European Risk Management Strategy (ERMS) aims to provide a more coherent approach to the detection, assessment, minimization and communication of risks of medicines in Europe. This should lead to a more proactive approach to safety monitoring of medicines throughout their life-cycle. ... 

Novel foods, which include artificially-synthesized or genetically-modified foods, create a challenge for food safety monitoring. Even if novel foods pass standard safety assessments, they may generate delayed risks that result in problems which appear suddenly in a susceptible subpopulation. To take population heterogeneity into account, it is possible that in the future the safety of novel foods will be tested by human trials, as is standard practice in pharmacological research on new medicines (Lazarus, 1996). 

This information may affect selection criteria for the study population and the choice of tests in addition to routine safety monitoring, and will certainly determine the starting dose, range of doses, maximum exposure and dose increments to be studied. Pharmacokinetics in man may be quite different from those in animal species so that plasma and, if possible, tissue concentrations are generally more important than dose. One exception to this may be hepatotox-icity resulting from exposure of the liver to portal blood drug concentrations, when the oral dose administered to the animals may be more relevant than the systemic plasma concentrations, which reflect first-pass metabolism as well as absorption. 

Clearly, therefore, those involved in drug safety monitoring need to liase closely with both clinical research and medical information scientists. In addition, those responsible for clinical drug safety must undertake periodic safety update reports (PSURs) at predetermined intervals, in accordance with current International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. Such routine analyses can identify new safety signals as soon as they become detectable. 

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