Testing and Surveillance

Fixed and Semi-Fixed Ammunition Testing and Surveillance. The following description is taken from the Safety and Storage Manual for Explosives and Ammunition ... 

Fixed and semi-fixed ammunition testing and surveillance 6 F42—F43... 

In-Service Inspection, Testing, and Surveillance In-Service Inspection and Surveillance of Systems, Structures, and Components... 

Structures, systems and components important to safety vhich are installed as redundant items, or are called upon when normal operating conditions are threatened or lost, are normally kept in standby or off-line states. Examples of such SSCs are reactor containment vessels, emergency electric power sources, isolation valves and safety valves. Some of these SSCs cannot be monitored in situ for their operating reliability. Testing and surveillance for the actual conditions under which they are expected to operate, and which are generally difficult or impossible to reproduce, are usually undertaken under simulated conditions. These simulated conditions should be carefully planned, and the results should be interpreted prudently. 

USNRC (1989) Safety related motor-operated valve testing and surveillance , USNRC Gen. letter No. 89-10, June 28. 

Monitoring cited above, augmented by the periodic testing and surveillance requirements included in the Technical Specifications, provides reasonable assurance that the Class IE dc power system will perform its intended safety function. 

The allowable limit is used for instruments that reqnire periodic testing and surveillance. The margin between the allowable limit and the nominal set point comprises random nncertainties in instrument calibration, random instrnment errors and errors dne to instrnment drift. If a set point is found to be beyond the allowable hmit, immediate corrective action should be taken. 

The aim is to develop a real-time surveillance method to ensure the safety of tests such as resistance tests and re-testing of pressure vessels, based on measurement carried out using acoustic emission technology. 

CR-5094 Inspection and surveillance of metallic pressure vessels during proof testing Di. M. Chedaoui CETIM... 

No matter what type of respirator is used, it is of the utmost importance that the revised respiratory standard is adhered to. The revised standard stresses training, documentation, written programs, medical surveillance, fit testing, and a variety of other subjects pertinent to respirators. Of particular interest to the authors is the new approach toward action levels, protection factors, and fit testing. Another important change is OSHAs latest approach on voluntary respirator use. With the new standard in effect, those workers previously considered to be voluntarily wearing respirators should be much better protected. 

The probability of the redundant system failing is the product of the single system time-dependent unavailability which includes approximately linearity between test and repair. There are two ways of performing the surveillance tests on these two systems sequential and staggered testing. 

The quality of the product can only be verified by the subcontractor during its design and manufacture. (In such cases you need to rely on what the contractor tells you and to gain sufficient confidence you can impose quality system requirements, require certain design, manufacturing, inspection, and test documents to be submitted to you for approval, and carry out periodic audit and surveillance activities. This method is usually applied for one-off systems or small quantities when the stability of a long production run cannot be achieved to resolve problems.)... 

Evaluation of Diesel Unavailability and Risk Effective Surveillance Test Intervals Nuclear DG test and accident unavailability for 10 operating years Diesel generators 97. 

Appendix III of this report provides a detailed description of the reliability data used in event tree and fault tree quantification. Because of its extensive operating experience and the uniqueness of the BRP design, BRP plant-specific data was used whenever possible. Plant-specific data sources included plant maintenance orders, control room log books, surveillance tests, LERs, event reports, deviation reports, plant review committee meeting minutes, and USNRC correspondence. The plant-specific data used spanned the period from 1970 to 1979. Data before 1970 did not include maintenance orders or surveillance tests and therefore were excluded. The plant-specific data collected for BRP is presented in detail in Appendix XIII. Table III-4 summarizes 30 plant-specific component failure rates and Table 11-06 contains plant-specific maintenance unavailabilities for 20 components. These tables are a summary of the BRP component failure and maintenance outages. 

This applied particularly to double-base propints, although some single-base propints also gave erratic results. For these reasons, work was undertaken at Picatinny Arsenal to find an indicator that would be more reliable than methyl violet. About 60 commercially available dyes were examined by S. Helf (Ref 5) in exptl indicator paper tests, of which only three were found to be superior to methyl violet benzoazurine, trypan red and ethyl violet. Laboratory and surveillance testing showed that papers prepd with a 0.1% soln of benzoazurine did not change in color after one year when used with stable double-base propint, while methyl violet paper was bleached in nearly every case. The other two indicators mentioned above, trypan red and ethyl violet, were not as satisfactory as benzoazurine, although they were better than methyl violet. 

The subject of quality control and surveillance is discussed in a chapter on sterilization control and sterihty testing, whieh deals with aspects Of in-process and post-process control. 

Different snow and ice making systems have been tested. The first years both fan type snow guns and one LowEnergyTower were used. The fan-type machines required a lot of maintenance and surveillance the first years and a lot of the snow from the LowEnergyTower landed outside the storage. The last year s two fan type snow guns have been used, mounted on 5 m high towers and now only operated in the wind direction. This worked well. 

Class II devices are those for which general controls alone are insufficient to provide reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness and for which sufficient information is available to establish special controls to provide this assurance. Special controls may include performance standards, postmarket surveillance, and guidance for analytical/clinical data. Examples of class II IVDs are automated differential cell counters, fetal hemoglobin test systems, sickle-cell tests, and Toxoplasma gondii serological reagents. 

The USA monitoring and surveillance programs for detecting antibiotic residues in the domestic and imported meat supply are described. An overview of the field/laboratory tests currently in use is also provided ... 

Hayes (1938) Measurement of Grains (pp 28-29) Compression Test (29) Stability by Kl-Starch Paper Test, 134.5°C Heat Test, 120°C Heat Test, 65.5°C Surveillance Test and Observation Test (29-30) Ballistic Test (30-31) Heat of Explosion at Constant Pressure (51-2) Volume of Gas (52-3) Heat of Explosion at Constant Volume (54-5) Potential (55) Temperature of Explosion (55-7) Pressure of Explosion (57-61) Heat of Explosion of Propellants (62-4) Ignition of Propellants (68-70) Mode and Rate of Burning (70-71) Velocity Measurements by Le Boulange, Aberdeen, and Solenoid Chronographs (84-92) Pressure Measurements by Crusher and Piezoelectric Gages (92-6)... 

Surveillance Tests. Accelerated surveillance testing can be performed using equipment such as available at PicArsn at temp range minus 65° to lus 170°F, and humidity ranges from 9 to 100%... 

Military Standard. "Explosive Sampling, Inspection and Testing , MIL-STD-650 (1962), (Group 200 - Physical Test Methods Group 500 - Stability, Sensitivity and Surveillance Tests)... 

Infallible Propellant. A double-base proplnt consisting of NC (13.25%N) 59.25, NG 40.00 DPhA 0.75%, coated with graphite. Grains 0.055 inch in diam Sl 0.007 inch thick when subjected to 65.5° Surveillance Test and 120°... 

Heat of Explosion, 65-5°C Surveillance Test, 75°C International Test, 100° Heat Test and Vacuum Stability Test. No tests are described in 2nd Edition of K O... 

Strength. See Power by Trauzl Test and Brisance by Sand Bomb Test Surveillance Test at 75°. Slight decomposition accompanied by a change of color from cream to yellow and a lowering of the mp from 128° to 127.5° took place after 40 days, but this did not affect its strength and brisance as detnd by the "sand bomb test ... 

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