Antibiotics detection

Recently, Zhang et al. [35] made a comprehensive literature review of genes conferring resistance to different classes of antibiotics, detected in different types of water (raw and treated waste water, surface water, drinking water or sediments). 

Figure 2.6 Antibiotics detected in effluents from three hospitals in New Mexico compared to a couple of residential sites in the same general locahty. (From Brown, 2004.)...

Font, H., J. Adrian, R. Galve, et al. 2008. Immunochemical assays for direct sulfonamide antibiotic detection in milk and hair samples using antibody derivatized magnetic nanoparticles. J. Agric. Food Chem. 56 736-743. 

TABLE 5.7 Current Range of QFlex Kits for Use with Biacore Q Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor Instrument for Antibiotic Detection in Foods of Animal Origin (at time of publication)... 

Some of the recent RIA developments are quite diverse with regard to pharmacology and include vitamin D detection, illicit drug detection in hair samples, and antibiotic detection in livestock. 

A commercially available RIA developed as a screen for tetracycline antibiotics in serum, urine, milk, and tissue of livestock has been adapted by Meyer and co-workers to analyze water samples. The interest in pharmaceutical compounds in the enviromnent is relatively new. Immunoassays for pharmaceutical compounds are commonly used in biological media where the concentrations are quite high. Therefore, in this RIA the lower limit of antibiotic detection had to be modified to enable quantification of antibiotic levels as low as one part per billion in water samples. 

Two-dimensional TLC on poly(ethyleneimine)-cellulose plates of radiolabelled adenosine and 2 -deoxyadenosine and their metabolites have been described." TLC was also used to separate hygromycin B from gentamicin and other aminoglycoside antibiotics, detection being done with a fluorescamine dip." In related work the relative amounts of neomycin sulfates B and C were determined on TLC plates with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole as fluorescent reagent. This was followed by densitometric determination and the method was applied to a variety of commercial antibiotic samples."... 

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