Operating reliability

BE-1924 Monitoring On-line integrated technologies for operational reliability Mr. P. Hodgkinson British Aerospace Ltd... 

The assessor should also find out whether an effective testing program is in place to help ensure the serviceability of process measurement equipment. The successful toller should have an established calibration program to address the accuracy of critical measurement equipment. Safety critical process parameters should be monitored and critical process equipment should automatically interlock when monitoring instrumentation detects safety critical deviations. Interlocks should either facilitate a remedy to the critical deviation or bring the process to the zero energy state. These instruments and interlocking devices should be routinely tested to ensure operational reliability. 

Operational reliability Also known as equipment reliability. The probability that, when operating under stated design conditions, process equipment will perform its intended function adequately for a specified exposure period. 

Evaluating off-design performance is strongly recommended for the purpose of improving the operating reliability of both power recovery sets and processing plants. To do this evaluation, a simulation analysis should be based on velocity diagrams, the law of similarity, and expander performance maps. 

The high cost for machinery replacements and downtime makes machinery operational reliability very important however, with the current and projected increases in fuel costs, aerothermal monitoring has become very important. Aerothermal monitoring can provide not merely increased operational efficiency for turbomachinery but, when combined with mechanical monitoring, it provides an overall, more effective system than one that monitors only the mechanical functions or aerothermal functions. 

Are there any special requirements of power sequencing that are necessary for each respective circuit to operate reliably ... 

Consider a task analysis for Do-ability. Can the operators do what we have asked them to do Tasks and facilities should be designed with knowledge of ergonomic considerations and performance shaping factors (PSF) so that operator reliability can be designed into the task. 

ORCA Operator Reliability Calculation and Assessment Dougherty, 1990... 

The principles of strength of materials are applied to the design of structures to assure that the elements of the structures will operate reliably under a known set of loads. Thus the field encompasses both the calculation of the strength and deformation of members and the measurement of the mechanical properties of engineering materials. 

The cat cracker plays a key role in the overall profitability of the refinery. It must operate reliably and efficiently. It must also operate safely and comply with federal, state, and local environmental requirements. A typical FCC unit circulates tons of catalyst per minute, processes various types of feedstock and uses hundreds of control loops, any of which can make operation difficult. Proper troubleshooting will ensure that the unit operates at maximum reliability and efficiency while complying with environmental concerns. 

Cat cracking has been, and will continue to be, a big money maker for the refining industry. It is unlikely that any new cat crackers will be built (especially in the U.S.) in the near future. Therefore, emphasis will be placed on finding ways to improve the operational reliability and profitability of the existing FCC s. 

Multiple technologies are used to regenerate wastewater. The technologies are selected depending on the initial pollutant type and concentration, and treated water quality to be achieved. Stringent control of water quality and operational reliability are the main requirements which drive the technological choices. 

FLD Very high sensitivity Simple operation Reliable Few intrinsically fluorogenic compounds [31,47]... 

Wu C (2005) Inherent delays and operational reliability of airline schedules. J Air Transport... 

These systems must be designed so as to accommodate continual change. They should easily accommodate frequent changes in formulations and reactor hardware. They must be able to control complex operations involving simultaneous tasks. Contrasting with these requirements, the software must be easily maintained, operate reliably, and be easy to use by laboratory personnel. 

The incorporation of all the possible process alternatives for improvement, allows the processing of higher sulfur containing feeds, meets specifications, operates reliably and in a more flexible manner, under lower severity regimes. Not all the improvements apply in the same manner to all HDT units, and some of them will not represent any enhancement or are not feasible for some existing units. On the other hand, the interconnection and interdependence among them implies that careful optimization is needed for their implementation. 

Verify long-term, continuous operability, reliability, and maintainability (i.e., operation of the full length of the test without unintended shutdown)... 

Using Process Tools, System Evaluation, and Accident Trends to Improve Operational Reliability, Ed Koshka... 

The information in this chapter applies specifically to the first element sample preparation. The sample preparation steps are usually the most tedious and labor-intensive part of an analysis. By automating the sample preparation, a significant improvement in efficiency can be achieved. It is important to make sure that (1) suitable instrument qualification has been concluded successfully before initiation of automated sample preparation validation [2], (2) the operational reliability of the automated workstation is acceptable, (3) the analyte measurement procedure has been optimized (e.g., LC run conditions), and (4) appropriate training in use of the instrument has been provided to the operator(s). The equipment used to perform automated sample preparation can be purchased as off-the-shelf units that are precustomized, or it can be built by the laboratory in conjunction with a vendor (custom-designed system). Off-the-shelf workstations for fully automated dissolution testing, automated assay, and content uniformity testing are available from a variety of suppliers, such as Zymark (www.zymark.com) and Sotax (www.sotax.com). These workstations are very well represented in the pharmaceutical industry and are all based on the same functional requirements and basic principles. 

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