Technical specification

Specifications typically address a wide variety of technical and nontechnical topics. Some examples are material requirements, testing requirements, installation or placement instructions, lists of materials or equipment, submittal and schedule requirements, safety and environmental protection needs, permits to be obtained, and coordination with other contractors. In North America, specifications often follow the format of the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI). The institute s mission is to advance building information management and education of project teams to improve facility performance which they achieve by improving the communication of construction information (CSI 2011). For facility construction, construction products or methods are organized under the divisions listed in Table 8.1. Each division is divided 

Specifications, along with drawings and contract documents, are used by contractors in preparing bids, and if successful, in constructing the structure, facility, system, or product. The ultimate owner is typically interested in the specifications and drawings because they describe the end point in terms of what the owner will eventually use, operate, and maintain. Finally, engineers who will be involved in construction or manufacturing, as described in the next chapter, use the specifications and other documents (Choi 2004). 

Currently, FPDs are made to detect sulfur and phosphorous compounds through specific wavelength filters, and are able to detect respective CWA compounds such as the G-agents, mustard, and certain TICs, including PH3, SO2, and HjS. Since other chemicals that do not contain these two elements do not emit these characteristic wavelengths, they do not interfere with detection. With the recent interest in detection of TICs, FPDs are of potential usefulness because various light filters can be installed to permit detection of other elements as well. 

As discussed above, when the detector reports sulfur or phosphorus, there is no way to know if the detected substances are CWAs, TICs, or other nontargeted chemicals. Specificity can only be improved through use of a GC column, which will increase sample analysis time but permit possible compound identification and reduce false positive alarms. 

The die is rrsrrally between 0.5 m and 1.5 m long. The polymeric matrix is cured at temperatures that mostly range from 90 C to 180°C, and depend on the resin system used (among other factors). The proper definition of temperatures at different locations along the die helps to optimise curing conditions and prevents thermal residual stresses from developing. 

Pull-off forces typically vary between 30 kN and 235 kN (Shaw-Stewart and Sumerak, 2000) and the pultrasion speed varies between 0.02 and 3.0 m/min, depending on the type of machine used, the wall thickness and the complexity of the cross-section and fibre architecture. In general, mechanical properties increase with decreasing pulling speed, basically because the resin stays longer in the die at slower speeds, and achieves a higher degree of polymerisation. Cross-sections made up of thicker laminates must be produced at slower speeds so that the matrix cures properly inside the die. Thermoplastic matrices allow much faster production and speeds of up to 20 m/min have been recorded (Devlin et al., 1991). 

In terms of geometry of the pultruded parts, there is no theoretical limit for their length. Practical limitations are related to the plant layout and transportation requirements, which often means setting the maximum length of pultruded profiles and bars at 12 m. CFRP strips, which are very thin and flexible, are usually coiled onto long spools containing several dozen metres of material. 

As already mentioned, for conventional pultmsion the composite part must have constant cross-section throughout its length (c/. Section 9.4.1 for variant processes). The maximum width of conventional pultmded parts is about 1500 mm and the maximum height is 350 mm. Wall thickness tends to range 

Pultruded composites can be produced in a large variety of colours, basically in line with the RAL classic chart, using colouring additives. However, completely homogeneous pigmentation is not always possible since glass reinforcement has no pigment tolerance (Barefoot, 2007). 

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Recently we have made available the isotope Selenium for non-destructive testing. These sources offer technical specifications as required by industrial applications and provide various advantages when compared with other radiation sources. 

In this paper the technical specifications of a Real Time X-Ray system are given. The procedure for inspection is explained briefly. The resolution of film and of Real Time X-Ray inspection are compared. The basic equipment needed to inspect Real Time X-Ray data is defined. 

Harmonised standards are technical specifications adopted by one of the European standards organisations following a mandate issued by the European Commission on which Member States were consulted. When published by the Commission in the Official Journal of the European Communities, the hamionised standards give presumption of confomiity to the essential requirements they specify. This means that manufacturers applying these standards do not have to demonstrate the compliance of the manufactured products with the relevant requirements of the directive. 

Code of Federal Regulations, Tide 10, Part 50, Domestic Licensing of Production and Utilization Eacihties, Section 50.36, Technical Specifications, Washington, D.C., Jan. 1, 1980. 

Sodium Nitrate, U.S. MiHtary Technical Specifications, MIL-S-322C, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., Eeb. 5,1968. 

Sulfuric Fcid, Electrolytefor S torage Batteries, Specification O-S-801E, Nov. 21,1990 Sulfuric Fcid, Technical, Specification O-S-809E, Nov. 16, 1990 as amended Oct. 21, 1992, Eederal Supply Service, Ceneral Services Administration, Washington, D.C. 

Many chemical companies also place into the technical service function the responsibiHty for the generation of a wide variety of printed materials containing customer-oriented information. These may range from a simple one-page technical specification handout to lengthy publications on appHcation tips and recommendations for a broad range of uses (14). The sales value of such materials, when weU prepared, is quite high. Most firms provide such... 

In most instances there will be more than one material that will meet a technical specification, and choice will then be largely a matter of economics. Since parts... 

Electronics cleaning - For most uses in the electronics industry, ozone-depleting solvents can be replaced easily and, often, economically. A wide choice of alternatives exists. If technical specifications do not require postsolder cleaning, noclean is the preferred technology. If cleaning is required, the use of water-soluble chemistry has generally proved to be reliable. There are however limitations, whereby water-soluble chemistry is not suitable for all applications. 

Testing schemes generally affect complete subsystems hence, consideration of each hardware element is unnecessary. Tests of redundant portions of a system are particularly important, and may be constrained by the technical specifications which must be reflected in the fault tree. Testing may require the reconfiguration of systems for the test, which may prevent the performance of their designed function. In this case, other members of the redundancy must be available, but may fail. Failure to restore a system after test significantly increases the risk. 

Technical Specification Optimization EOOS can be adapted to show changes in tech spec status, Wbat-if irulyscs, show the effects on plant risk of removing trains of equipment from service. 

According to 10 CFR 50,73, the holder of an operating license for a nuclear power plant (the licensee) must submit an LER for a reportable event, within 30 days after discovery. An event b reportable regardless of the plant mode, power level, structure, system, or component that initiated the event. In addition the licensee must report the completion of any nuclear plant shutdown required by the plant s Technical Specifications or any operation or condition prohibited by the plant s Technical Specifications, or any deviation from the plant s Technical Specifications. LERs are available on the Internet at http //www.nrc.gov/NRR/DAILY/97mmdddr.htm, where inrn is the... 

Bocclo, J, L. et al., 1984, Program Plan for Evaluating Technical Specifications (PETS). BNL A-3230, November. 

Equipment Based on technical specification, acceptable equipment is Equipment selection... 

Based on technical specifications, acceptable equipment is identified. The final selection is made on the same basis as in Selection of System. The decision tree is shown in Fig. 3.13. 

Develop a technical specification for selected equipment. The tools include ... 

The nations represented at the launch of the resulting standard were France, Germany, Italy, UK, and USA who together with representatives from ISQ/TC 176 developed a sector standard which became ISQ/TS 16949. This technical specification incorporates section 4 of ISQ 9001 1994 and includes requirements taken from QS-9000, VDA 6, AVSQ 94, and EAQF 94 and some new requirements, all of which have been agreed by the international members. The evolution of ISQ/TS 16949 is illustrated in Figure 1.2. 

The interface between lATF and ISO/TC 176 was in the form of a pilot study to consider the implication of sector standards. The output was in the form of a new ISO document a Technical Specification. The requirements for such a document are for a revision within three years and a limit of only one revision, after which it must either cease or become a full standard. The document when submitted for ballot to ISO/TC 176 significantly exceeded the 66% favorable majority required for its adoption. 

Requirement for a quality plan that includes customer requirements and references to appropriate technical specifications... 

ISO 9001 requires consideration to be given to the preparation of quality plans. However, the supplementary requirement in ISO/TS 16949 requires the supplier to have a quality plan which includes customers requirements and references to appropriate technical specifications. 

Do check your sources of data, prices, technical specification, etc., and that they are current and applicable to the specific terms of the contract. 

Although the book addresses all the requirements of ISO/TS 16946, readers are strongly advised to have access to this technical specification, the ISO 9000 family of standards, and the various supporting publications referenced within them. 

Two failure modes were considered in the study. The first is failure to start in addition to unplanned demands this includes both fast start tests and slow start tests. The failure to run mode includes all failures occurring from the time when load was applied to the DG until the diesel is no longer needed or until the end of the running duration required by technical specifications. 

A detailed technical specification of the works, which will contain other matters such a defining the parties, standards of work, program and basic contractual positions ... 

A lubricant-starved chain drive shows a brownish or rusty coloration around the joints and in the roller-bushing areas when the link is disassembled and the pin inspected. The normal highly polished surface of the pin will have deteriorated to a roughened, grooved, or galled surface that can eventually destroy the hardened surfaces of the chain parts and increase wear until the drive is completely destroyed. This also will be hue if a lubricant that does not meet the chain s technical specifications is used. 

In reality, the valve characteristic curve is likely nonlinear and we need to look up the technical specification in the manufacturer s catalog. After that, the valve gain can be calculated from the slope of the characteristic curve at the operating point. See Homework Problem 1.33 and the Web... 

Natural mbber prepared to technical specifications by a process which converts the coagulum into finely divided granules which are subsequently dried and compacted into bales. The agent which brings about the crumbling is castor oil. 

Colour plays no part in technical specification, but there is a special grade of light-coloured SMR for those who need it - SMR 5L - made to SMR 5 standards. 

The Malaysian rubber industry has, however, played a pioneering role in producing NR grades to technical specifications, and this system is being followed by other producer countries. Currently the following countries sell technically specified grades ... 

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