Ethyl Violet

Other Names C.I. Basic Violet 4 Ethyl violet Basic Violet 4 C.l. 42600 Ethyl Violet AX Ethyl Violet GGA Ethyl crystal violet Lowacryl Violet 4 Shikiso Acid Brilliant Blue 6B rrislp-Cdieth-ylamino)-phenyl)methylium chloride 

CA Index Name Ethanaminium, V-[4-[ i.s [4-(diethylamino)phenyl]methylene]-2,5-cyclohexa-dien-l-ylidene]-V-ethyl-, chloride CAS Registry Number 2390-59-2 Merck Index Number Not listed Chemical Structure 

Chemical/Dye Class Triphenylmethane Molecular Formula C31H42N3CI Molecular Weight 492.15 pH Range 0.0-3.5 

Solubility Slightly soluble in water soluble in ethanol, methanol UV-Visible ()i ) 596 nm Melting Point 250°C Synthesis Synthetic methodsi-  

Safety/Toxicity Acute oral toxicity,phototoxicity  

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In the ketone method, the central carbon atom is derived from phosgene (qv). A diarylketone is prepared from phosgene and a tertiary arylamine and then condenses with another mole of a tertiary arylamine (same or different) in the presence of phosphoms oxychloride or zinc chloride. The dye is produced directly without an oxidation step. Thus, ethyl violet [2390-59-2] Cl Basic Violet 4 (15), is prepared from 4,4 -bis(diethylamino)benzophenone with diethylaruline in the presence of phosphoms oxychloride. This reaction is very useful for the preparation of unsymmetrical dyes. Condensation of 4,4 -bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone [90-94-8] (Michler s ketone) with AJ-phenjl-l-naphthylamine gives the Victoria Blue B [2580-56-5] Cl Basic Blue 26, which is used for coloring paper and producing ballpoint pen pastes and inks. 

This applied particularly to double-base propints, although some single-base propints also gave erratic results. For these reasons, work was undertaken at Picatinny Arsenal to find an indicator that would be more reliable than methyl violet. About 60 commercially available dyes were examined by S. Helf (Ref 5) in exptl indicator paper tests, of which only three were found to be superior to methyl violet benzoazurine, trypan red and ethyl violet. Laboratory and surveillance testing showed that papers prepd with a 0.1% soln of benzoazurine did not change in color after one year when used with stable double-base propint, while methyl violet paper was bleached in nearly every case. The other two indicators mentioned above, trypan red and ethyl violet, were not as satisfactory as benzoazurine, although they were better than methyl violet. 

On the other hand, when paper strips with benzoazurine, trypan red or ethyl violet were exposed to unstable double-base propint, or to nitrogen oxide fumes prepd in the lab, all of the papers either bleached or faded, as did the methyl violet paper... 

Trypan Red Paper. Prepd as above from product supplied by the Allied Chemical Dye Corp Rose-red - Light violet -> Bleached 0.1% Ethyl Violet Paper. Prepd as above from product supplied by National Aniline Dye Co Medium violet Blue - Bleached... 

The photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanomaterials for the degradation of some organic pollutants in water [173] (e.g., dyes [174]) was explored by several groups to achieve environmental benefits. Recent studies have indicated that ZnO can be used under acidic or alkaline conditions with the proper treatment [175,176]. ZnO nanomaterials were used as photocatalysts for the degradation of phenol [177] and chlorinated phenols such as 2,4,6-trichlorophenol [178]. ZnO nanomaterials were also used for the degradation of Methylene Blue [179], direct dyes [180], Acid Red [181], and Ethyl Violet [182],... 

Chen, C.C. (2007) Degradation pathways of ethyl violet by photocatalytic reaction with ZnO dispersions. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A Chemical, 264, 82-92. 

However, malachite green [188] gave a stable dark yellow species in 1.5 M sulfuric acid (probably a protonated one), whereas ethyl violet became colourless within 30 min even in only 0.5 M sulfuric acid. 

Various chromogenic reagents have been used for the spectrophotometric determination of boron in seawater. These include curcumin [108,109], nile blue [110], and more recently 3,5 di-tert butylcatechol and ethyl violet [111]. Uppstroem [108] added anhydrous acetic acid (1 ml) and propionic anhydride (3 ml) to the aqueous sample (0.5 ml) containing up to 5 mg of boron per litre as H3BO3 in a polyethylene beaker. After mixing and the dropwise addition of oxalyl chloride (0.25 ml) to catalyse the removal of water, the mixture is set aside for 15-30 minutes and cooled to room temperature. Subsequently, concentrated sulfuric-anhydrous acetic acid (1 1) (3 ml) and curcumin reagent (125 mg curcumin in 100 ml anhydrous acetic acid) (3 ml) are added, and the mixed solution is set aside for at least 30 minutes. Finally 20 ml standard buffer solution (90 ml of 96% ethanol, 180 g ammonium acetate - to destroy excess of protonated curcumin - and 135 ml anhydrous acetic acid diluted to 1 litre... 

A similar HPICE method was employed for the study of the oxidation of Reactive yellow 84 and Reactive red 120 by the photo-Fenton and Fenton-like processes [133], Photocatalytic degradation has been frequently investigated by various HPLC techniques. Thus, the photodegradation of ethyl violet has been recently studied in detail [134],... 

O. 1% Ethyl Violet, 0.1% Trypan Red 0.1% Benzoazurine. On exposure to four different types of partially degraded but still serviceable double-base proplnts for a period of 1 yr, strips of each of these experimental indicator papers remained either unchanged or became only slightly faded. The N/10 Methyl Violet paper became, totally bleached within 3 months... 

Figure 11. Molecular vibrational oscillations of ethyl violet in ethylene glycol solution superimposed with electronic excited-state decay. (Reprinted with permission from ref. 35.)...

In addition to those mentioned above, phosgene has been used as a reagent in making the following commercial dyes [825] Benzo Fast Orange, Benzo Fast Red, Benzo Fast Scarlet, Benzo Fast Yellow, Brilliant Sulphon Red B, Cotton Yellow, Ethyl Violet, Helindon Yellow, Chlorazol Fast Scarlet and Chlorazol Fast Orange. 

Sensitive methods for determining arsenic are based on ion-associates formed by molybdoarsenate and basic dyes. Flotation-spectrophotometric methods with the use of Crystal Violet (mixture of cyclohexane and toluene as flotation solvent, e=3.210 ) [51] and Malachite Green (flotation with diethyl ether, e=3.2-10 ) [52] have been proposed. The ion-associate with Ethyl Violet is extracted with a mixture of cyclohexane and 4-methylpentanone (1+3) (8=2.810 ) [53]. 

In addition to BF4 , other anionic boron complexes, also forming ion-associates with basic dyes, have been applied to determine boron, namely 2,4-dinitro-1,8-naphthalenediol and Brilliant Green (formula 4.26) (toluene, e = 1.0-10 at 637 nm [41 3], 2,6-dihydroxy-benzoic acid, and Malachite Green (chlorobenzene, e = 9.5-10 [5], 2,3-dihydroxy-naphthalene and Crystal Violet (benzene, e = 8.8-10 [44]), mandelic acid, and Malachite Green (benzene, e = 6.5-10 ) [45,46], pyrocatechol derivatives, and Ethyl Violet (toluene, e = 1.05-10 [47,48]. The ion-pair of the salicylate complex of boron with ferroin has also been proposed (CHCI3) [49]. 

Copper can be determined by use of ion associates, formed by the cationic complexes of Cu(I) with cuproine [63-65], neocuproine [65], bathocuproine [66] and thio-crown ethers [67,68], associated with the acid dyes such as Rose Bengal (e = 7.8-10 ) [63,65,66], the ethyl ester of eosin (e = 9.4-10 ) [64], and Erythrosin [63]. These ion-associates are extracted into chloroform [65,66], 1,2-dichloroethane [64,67,68], and other solvents. The ion-associates of cyanide [69] and chloride [70,71] complexes of Cu(I) with Methylene Blue (1,2-dichloroethane, = 9.8-10 ) [69], and Ethyl Violet (toluene, = 9.6-10 ) [70] are also worth mentioning. The halide complexes of Cu(I) with azo dyes have also been extracted. 

Sensitive methods for lead include a number based on ion-associates formed by the anionic iodide-lead complex and the basic dyes, such as Malachite Green (benzene, e = 8.0-10 ) (58,59], Brilliant Green (59], Ethyl Violet [59], fuchsin (formula 27.1) (extraction with benzene-cyclohexane from 0.2 M H2SO4, e = 2.0-10 at 560 nm [60], and cyanine dyes [61]. In the method involving the antipyiine dye Chrompyrazole I (formula 23.1), the pseudo-solution formed is stabilized with the non-ionic surfactant OP-10 [62]. 

Other authors have used coated columns successfully for ion chromatography. Polymer-based packing or a C18 silica packing coated with methyl green or ethyl violet [4] has been used to coat substrates for the separation of anions. Several dyes httvc been used to coat substrates for separation of various metal ions [5]. 

ChenS, Liu SP, Luo HQ. Resonance Rayleigh scattering spectra of ethyl violet 2. Anionic surfactant systems and their analytical application. Chin J Anal Chem 2004 32 19-23. 

Ethyl Violet C34H42CIN3 2390-69-2 492.138 gray-viol cry s HgO, EtOH... 

Black sand Titanium tetra-isopropoxide (1.5 mL) is dissolved in isopropanol (40.0 mL). Pre-dried Si/Black sand particles (0.2 g) are dispersed in the solution and sonicated for 0.5 h. Then, it is stirred for 5. The mixture is heated at 80°C for 3 h and then calcined at 450°C for 3 h Removal of six dyes Direct red 80, Eosin B, Rose bengal. Orange II, Ethyl violet, Rhodamine B [512]... 

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