TESTING ACUTE

Major organ function tests Acute and subacute toxicity studies... 

Chesapeake Bay recommended for protection of 90% of species tested Acute exposures ... 

Holcombe, G.W., G.L. Phipps, A.H. Sulaiman, and A.D. Hoffman. 1987. Simultaneous multiple species testing acute toxicity of 13 chemicals to 12 diverse freshwater amphibian, fish, and invertebrate families. Arch. 

Phipps, G.L. and G.W. Holcombe. 1985. A method for aquatic multiple species toxicant testing acute toxicity of 10 chemicals to 5 vertebrates and 2 invertebrates. Environ. Pollut. 38A 1,41-157. 

Norway has a standardized test program for permit derivation, comprising the Ames mutagenicity test, acute and chronic toxicity tests, and a biodegradation test. For monitoring purposes, it is advised to start screening the toxicity of an effluent with a comparatively large... 

Pancreatic toxicity is common. Hypoglycemia due to inappropriate insulin release often appears 5-7 days after onset of treatment, can persist for days to several weeks, and may be followed by hyperglycemia. Reversible renal insufficiency is also common. Other adverse effects include rash, metallic taste, fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, abnormal liver function tests, acute pancreatitis, hypocalcemia, thrombocytopenia, hallucinations, and cardiac arrhythmias. Inhaled pentamidine is generally well-tolerated but may cause cough, dyspnea, and bronchospasm. 

Denmark Industrial effluents discharged directly to receiving waters have to be tested for toxicity within the framework of discharge consents. The applied toxicity assays conform with international recommendations, that is - Algal growth inhibition test - Acute toxicity test with Daphnia - Acute toxicity test with fish... 

Schulte C. Nagel R. (1994) Testing acute toxicity in the embryo of zebrafish, Brachydanio rero, as an alternative to acute fish test preliminary results. ATLA 22 12-19. 

There are two basic types of aquatic single-species toxicity tests acute and chronic. Acute toxicity tests have been the workhorse of aquatic toxicologists for many years. These tests are relatively simple, take little time, and are cost-effective. A large historical database exists for many chemicals and effluents. Acute toxicity tests are most often used to quickly screen toxicity or to determine the relative sensitivities of different test species. Mortality is the effect monitored during the test duration of 48 h (invertebrates) or 96 h (fish). In a typical acute toxicity test, 5-10 organisms are exposed under static conditions in glass test beakers to five test concentrations. A control is included. The experiments with test concentrations and control are conducted in triplicate. Daily observations are made on survival, and dead organisms are removed. 

Lange, M., W. Gebauer, 1. Markl and R. Nagel. Comparison of testing acute toxicity on embryo of zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio and RTG-2 cytotoxicity as possible alternatives to the acute fish test. Chemosphere 30 2087 - 2102, 1995. 

Vibrio fischeri - luminescent bacteria test - acute... 

Contemporary Biomaterials by Boretos and Eden, published by Noyes. References Acute safety tests, Acute toxicity tests, Implants and... 

HTLC HTLV III HTN HTP HTR HTVD HUIFM HUR HUS HV H V HW hwb Hx Hz HZ HZO human T-cell leukemia virus human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type III hypertension House-Tree-Person test acute hemolytic transfusion reaction hypertensive vascular disease human leukocyte interferon meloy hemolytic uremic syndrome hemolytic uremic syndrome hallux valgus has voided hemigastrectomy and vagotomy heparin well housewife hot water bottle history hospitalization Hertz herpes zoster herpes zoster ophthalmicus... 

According to the results of cytotoxicity test, acute hemolysis test, skin irritation test, the in vitro biological reactions of the porous AI2O3 ceramics prepared via freeze casting is biosafe and can be further used in implant experiments. 

Methylacrylonitrile (2-methyl-2-pro-penenltrile, methacrylonitrile [CAS 126-98-7]) Mildly irritating upon direct contact, Well absorbed dermally, Metabolized to cyanide (see p 177), In animal tests, acute inhalation at high levels caused death withoutsigns of irritation, probably by a mechanism similar to that of acrylonitrile. Lower levels produced convulsions and loss of motor control In hind limbs. 

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