Acute toxicity tests, higher animals

Toxicity test procedure in higher animals (e.g., rats, mice, rabbits, dogs, and monkeys) is different from that in lower animals because the number of available animals usually is limited. As mentioned earlier, it is not economical or practical to use a few hundred mammals for the evaluation of a single toxicity test. The limitation in number has necessitated several adjustments to assure the validity of toxicity determinations in higher animals. Typically, in the pesticide industry, three types of tests are required acute, subacute, and chronic. 

Data adequacy The key study was well conducted and documented. Supporting data include both human and animal studies. Animal studies covered acute, subchronic, and chronic exposure durations and addressed systemic toxicity as well as neurotoxicity, reproductive and developmental effects, cardiac sensitization, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. Other effects in animal studies occurred at much higher concentrations or with repeated exposures the latter are not relevant for setting short-term exposures. No effects other than narcosis occurred in rats and mice exposed at 200,000 ppm for various periods of time. Adjustment by a total UF of 10 results in a higher value (20,000 ppm) than from the cardiac sensitization test with dogs. ... 

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