Tester

One method of sampling reservoir fluids and taking formation pressures under reservoir conditions in open hole is by using a wireline formation tester. A number of wireline logging companies provide such a tool under the names such as RFT (repeat formation tester) and FMT (formation multi tester), so called because they can take a series of pressure samples in the same logging run. A newer version of the tool is called a modular dynamic tester or MDT (Schlumberger tool), shown in Figure 3.8. 

The performance of the classifier has been verified using a number of practical applications, such as civil engineering [3], inspection of aerospace composite structures, ball bearings and aircraft multi-layer structures. Here we present shortly some results, focusing on detection of disbonds in adhesively joint multi-layer aerospace structures using Fokker Bond Tester resonance instrument, details can be found in [1]. 

Fokker Bond Tester. An ultrasonic inspection technique commonly used for aircraft structures is based on ultrasonic spectroscopy [2]. Commercially available instruments (bond testers) used for this test operate on the principle of mechanical resonance in a multi-layer structure. A piezoelectric probe shown in Figure 3b, excited by a variable frequency sine signal is placed on the surface of the inspected structure. A frequency spectrum in the range of some tens of kHz to several MHz is acquired by the instrument, see Figure 3a. 

Figure 3 Experimental set-up for bond inspeelion (a) and probe for the Fokker Bond Tester (b).

A number of real objects with artificially made disbonds were tested using the Fokker Bond Tester and spectra were stored in a PC for the classification. One of the objects, "Lower wing skin is shown in Figure 4. As can be seen, the positions and sizes of flaws are marked. The same marks were also drawn on the actual objects to facilitate measurements. 

For a long time, the wheels were mainly tested with dye penetration. This test procedure can make defects which are open to the surface of the material visible for the tester. It is, however, common knowledge that the test results vary greatly depending on the subjective view of the individual tester. 

Thus, for years now wheels have been tested with eddy-currents with a special emphasis on finding superficial defects on the wheel s running surface. At the beginning, hand-guided probes were used which the tester slid across the surface that was to be tested. To do so, the wheel was placed on a turn table which the operator had to move manually. A higher test reliability in the transitional radius between the body and the bead wheel was achieved by using special form-fitted probes. Nonetheless, it was not possible to rule out completely that the wheel was not scanned 100 %. This test method did not allow for documentation and a subsequent reconstruction of the test. 

Since the geometry of the wheel is also displayed during this type of test, it is important to distinguish between defects and geometrical influences. The tester can easily and reliably make these distinctions, if the distortions of the wheel s geometry and the display of the defects caused by the display of the test system are not to great. 

Furthermore, it was possible to suppress liftoff and offset effects by using efficient digital filter algorithms. These measures provide the tester with a nearly unbiased picture of the wheel that is to be tested and he can thus conduct a reliable evaluation. 

This is a double-channel flaw detector having their own microcomputer with 1 Mbyte memory to store data of the LMA and the LF channels for 800...2000 m of a rope under inspection. The instrument can be used in two modes as a tester for operative inspection or as a device for the inspection data storage. 

Geller and others Evaluation of Electromagnetic Rope Testers Joint Canadian/US Work, Materials Evaluation, vol. 50, no. 1, 1992, 56-63. 

The Zond VD - 96 portable eddy-current flaw detector-tester is an original Russian development possessing heightened sensitivity for the surface defects and high inspection capacity. (Russia patent Xs 2063025. All-Union state standard certificate of Russian Federation JVa 2846 of 14. 07. 97)... 

A-scans with a visual evaluation by the tester to be of little significance. New measuring-data-evaluation-procedures were needed to place additional information at the testers disposal. 

This method of displaying the data makes it most comfortable for the tester to evaluate large numbers of single measurements ( shots ) at a glance. 

The second step, the so called generation, created only those structures which complied with the given constraints, and imposed additional restrictions on the compounds such as the number of rings or double bonds. The third and final phase, the tester phase, examined each proposed solution for each proposed compound a mass spectrum was predicted which was then compared with the actual data of the compound. The possible solutions were then ranked depending on the deviation between the observed and the predicted mass spectra. 

Pressed stearics Pressley tester PressMatch Press ready inks Pressure... 

Stellite tools Stelometer tester Stem cell factor... 

Thmst-bearing tester, no lubricants ambient air temperature, metal finish 406 nm. 

P. E. Gray, J. W. Tester, and D. O. Wood, Energy Technology Problems and Solutions, Energy and the Environment in the 21st Century, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1991, p. 120. 

J. W. Tester, D. W. Brown, and R. M. Potter, HotDry Rock Geothermal Energy—M New Energy Mgendafor the 21st Century, Los Alamos National Laboratory Report LA-11514-MS, Los Alamos, N.M., 1989. 

Test salons are often used to evaluate hair fixatives. Half-head studies are performed, with the test product appHed to one side of the head and a control product to the other in reaHstic use amounts. Similar properties as desctibed in laboratory tests are measured. Finished products are often sent to testers homes where they have an opportunity to evaluate the products in real use situations for extended pedods. 

Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid Plastics via Barcol Impresser Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Metal using Portable Hardness Testers Webster Hardness Gauge ... 

The pin Brinell tester takes the form of a large C clamp with the baU indenter on the end of the screw. Load is controUed by a built-in shear pin. A modification of this device employs impact loading by a hammer to achieve similar results. 

There are also strap-on type Brinell testers in which the anvil is supplanted by a chain or other clamping device and the indenter is spring-loaded. These have the advantage of being able to test direcdy very large objects without the need for cutting samples. 

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