Pensky—Martens tester

Two standard thermometers shall be used with the Pensky-Martens Tester, as shown in Table 1... 

A1.2 Subcommittee 21 on Metalware Laboratory Apparatus, of Committee E-l on Methods of Testing, has studied this problem and has established some dimensional requirements which are shown in Fig Al. Conformity to these requirements is not mandatory, but is desirable to users as well as suppliers of Pensky-Martens Testers... 

Stable in acidic, neutral and basic aqueous solutions Pale yellowish solid, faint characteristic odor Flash point 119°C (Pensky-Martens closed tester) Pyriproxyfen is an insect growth regulator which acts both as an ovacide and as an inhibitor of development (juvenile hormone mimic) against white flies, scale, and psylla. The specificity of pyriproxyfen, and its low mammalian toxicity, allow for some variation in application timing. For example, the lack of toxicity to bees allows pyriproxyfen to be applied during bloom on apple trees, and its low mammalian toxicity allows for a very short pre-harvest interval on citrus The residue definition is for pyriproxyfen alone... 

FLASH POINT OF LIQUIDS BY PENSKY-MARTENS CLOSED TESTER... 

This specification defines the Pensky-Martens Closed Flash Tester as used in ASTM Method D93, Test for Flash Point by Pensky-Marcens Closed Tester... 

Flash point of liquids by Pensky-Martens closed tester 6 F90-F96... 

Pensky-Martens closed tester, Tag closed tester. 

Pensky-Martens dosed tester-apparatus used in determining the flash point of fuel oils and cutback asphalt, under conditions prescribed by test method ASTM D 93. The test sample is slowly heated in a closed cup, at a specified constant rate, with continual stirring. A small flame is introduced into the cup at specified... 

Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester Saponification Number of Petroleum Products Pour Point of Petroleum Products... 

BSI 1998b. Methods of Analysis of Fats and Fatty Oils, Part 1. Physical Methods, Section 1.17. Flashpoint limit test using Pensky-Martens closed-cup flash tester, British Standards Institution, London. 

Al.l The low-range thermometer, which conforms also to the specifications of the cup thermometer in the Tag Closed Tester (ASTM Method D 56, Test for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester) and which frequently is fitted with a metal ferrule intended to fit the a>llar on the lid of the Tag Flash Tester, Can be supplemented by an adapter (Fig Al) to be used in (he larger diam collar of the Pensky-Martens apparatus. Differences in dimensions of these collars, which do not affect test results, are a source of unnecessary trouble to manufacturers and suppliers of instruments, as well as to users... 

ASTM D 3278-96, Standard test methods for flash point of liquids by setaflash closed-cup apparatus ASTM D 0093-96, Standard test methods for flash point by Pensky-Martens closed cup tester... 

Detwiler and Markley (76) found that the smoke point varied considerably with the degree of refining, especially the removal of free fatty acids, and also with the mode of oil extraction. Yen et al. (118) found a smoke point of 191°C, which was raised several degrees by the addition of phenolic antioxidants. The flash point of soybean oil, the temperature at which vapors coming from the oil will catch fire from an ignition source, were reported as 304°C (117), 326-331°C (76), 174°C (69), 318°C (70), and 320°C (119). The low value reported by Ali et al. (69) was obtained by using a Pensky-Martens closed tester and ASTM method 093-90. The flash points of hexane-soybean oil mixtures were determined and correlated with headspace gas chromatography data (120). 

Flash and fire points are two very important physical properties, which are of interest from the standpoint of safety and ignition characteristics. The flash point is the temperature at which the vapor above an oil will momentarily flash when in the presence of a flame, while the fire point is the temperature at which the vapors are vaporized quickly enough to have a sustained flame. The flash point is determined by using an open cup and Pensky-Martens closed tester for heavy oils and a tag closed tester for light oils. The vapor pressure-temperature relationship can be written as... 

ASTM D93-02. Standard Test Methods for Flashpoint by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester, ASTM International West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2002 Edition. 

The test method for determination of the flash point by Pensky-Martens closed tester (ASTM D-93, IP 34) and the test method for determining flash point by the tag closed tester (ASTM D-56) are employed for fuel oil. 

The Pensky-Martens closed tester (ASTM D-93, IP 34) and the tag closed tester (ASTM D-56) are normally used for determining the flash point of fuel oil and similar products. The Cleveland open cup method (ASTM D-92) is most commonly used, although the Tag open cup (ASTM D-3143) is applicable to cutback asphalt. As noted above, the flash point of asphalt is an indication of fire hazard and is frequently used to indicate whether asphalt has been contaminated with materials of lower flash point. 

Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Tester," Amer. Soc. for Test. and Mater., ASTM D93 (1974). 

It is a liquid, other than an aqueous solution containing less than 24 percent alcohol by volume and has flash point less than 60°C (140°F), as determined by a Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester, using the test method specified in ASTM Standard D-93-79 or D-93-80 or a Setaflash Closed Cup Tester, using the test method specified in ASTM Standard D-3278-78, or as determined by an equivalent test method approved by the Administrator. ... 

For all other liquids, one of the following methods must be used a) Standard Method of Test for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Tester (ASTM D93-71), and methods b and c above. 

Closed-cup tester A device for determining flash points of flammable and combustible liquids, utilizing an enclosed cup or container for the hquid. Recognized types are the Tagliabue (Tag) Closed Tester, the Pensky-Martens Closed Tester, and the Setaflash Closed-Cup Tester. 

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