Carbon monoxide testers

Carbon Monoxide Testers — Carbon monoxide is one of the most commonly encountered toxic gases and may result from many industrial processes as well as from automobile or truck exhaust. Since pure CO is colorless, odorless, and tasteless, the senses cannot be relied on to give warning of its presence. Carbon monoxide may be sampled in several ways, including the use of the colorimetric indicating tubes, but for making repeated measurements over a period of time, a direct reading meter is trequently used. Such a meter is similar to a combustible... 

Helling and Tester (1987) reported the oxidation kinetics of carbon monoxide over the temperature range 420 to 570°C at a pressure of 246 bar (24.6 MPa). Holgate and Tester (1994) examined oxidation kinetics of carbon monoxide. In addition to direct oxidation with oxygen, Helling and Tester found that the reaction of carbon monoxide with water was significant, as the following equations show ... 

The effects of temperature and concentration on direct and indirect oxidation kinetics of carbon monoxide were correlated with global models. In 1986, Helling and Tester found the oxidation of carbon monoxide to be globally first order in carbon monoxide and independent of oxygen concentration over the range investigated. 

Helling, R.K. and Tester, J.W., Oxidation of simple compounds and mixtures in supercritical water carbon monoxide, ammonia, and ethanol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 22(1), 1319-1324, 1988. 

Holgate, R.H. and Tester, J.W., Oxidation of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in sub-and supercritical water reaction kinetics, pathways, and water-density effects. 2. Elementary reaction modeling, ]. Phys. Chem. Technol., 98, 810-822, 1994. 

Holgate HR, Webley PA, Tester JW. Carbon monoxide oxidation in supercritical water the effects of heat transfer and the water-gas shift reaction on observed kinetics. Energy Fuels 1992 6 586-597. 

Holgate HR, Tester JW. Oxidation of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in sub-and supercritical water reaction kinetics pathways, and water-density effects ... 

Helling, R.K. Tester, J.W. Oxidation Kinetics of Carbon Monoxide in Supercritical Water, Energy and Fuels, 1 (1987) 417-423. 

H. R. Holgate, P. A. Webley, J. W. Tester and R. K. Helling, Carbon Monoxide Oxidation in Supercritical Water The Effects of Heat Transfer and the Water-Gas Shift Reaction on Observed Kinetics, Energy Fuels, 6, 586-597 (1992). 

H. R. Holgate and J. W. Tester, Oxidation of Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide in Sub-and Supercritical Water Reaction Kinetics, Pathways, and Water Density Effects. 1. Experimental Results, J. Phys. Chem., 98, 800-809 (1994). 

Conversely oxidation rate coefficients of simple molecules in supercritical water, studied by Tester and coworkers, are reduced by comparison with gas-phase combustion. For example the rates of oxidation of carbon monoxide are substantially lower than those predicted by gas-phase models and the proportion of hydrogen produced by the concurrent water-gas shift reaction is unexpectedly high [19]. The differences are explained in terms of lower diffusivities compared with the gas phase, as a result of solvent cages . The advantages of supercritical-water oxidation over combustion lie elsewhere, for example in homogenising larger organic molecules and in the reduced environmental impact. 

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