Pensky-Martens closed tester

Stable in acidic, neutral and basic aqueous solutions Pale yellowish solid, faint characteristic odor Flash point 119°C (Pensky-Martens closed tester) Pyriproxyfen is an insect growth regulator which acts both as an ovacide and as an inhibitor of development (juvenile hormone mimic) against white flies, scale, and psylla. The specificity of pyriproxyfen, and its low mammalian toxicity, allow for some variation in application timing. For example, the lack of toxicity to bees allows pyriproxyfen to be applied during bloom on apple trees, and its low mammalian toxicity allows for a very short pre-harvest interval on citrus The residue definition is for pyriproxyfen alone... 

FLASH POINT OF LIQUIDS BY PENSKY-MARTENS CLOSED TESTER... 

Flash point of liquids by Pensky-Martens closed tester 6 F90-F96... 

Pensky-Martens closed tester, Tag closed tester. 

This specification defines the Pensky-Martens Closed Flash Tester as used in ASTM Method D93, Test for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Tester... 

Detwiler and Markley (76) found that the smoke point varied considerably with the degree of refining, especially the removal of free fatty acids, and also with the mode of oil extraction. Yen et al. (118) found a smoke point of 191°C, which was raised several degrees by the addition of phenolic antioxidants. The flash point of soybean oil, the temperature at which vapors coming from the oil will catch fire from an ignition source, were reported as 304°C (117), 326-331°C (76), 174°C (69), 318°C (70), and 320°C (119). The low value reported by Ali et al. (69) was obtained by using a Pensky-Martens closed tester and ASTM method 093-90. The flash points of hexane-soybean oil mixtures were determined and correlated with headspace gas chromatography data (120). 

Flash and fire points are two very important physical properties, which are of interest from the standpoint of safety and ignition characteristics. The flash point is the temperature at which the vapor above an oil will momentarily flash when in the presence of a flame, while the fire point is the temperature at which the vapors are vaporized quickly enough to have a sustained flame. The flash point is determined by using an open cup and Pensky-Martens closed tester for heavy oils and a tag closed tester for light oils. The vapor pressure-temperature relationship can be written as... 

The test method for determination of the flash point by Pensky-Martens closed tester (ASTM D-93, IP 34) and the test method for determining flash point by the tag closed tester (ASTM D-56) are employed for fuel oil. 

The Pensky-Martens closed tester (ASTM D-93, IP 34) and the tag closed tester (ASTM D-56) are normally used for determining the flash point of fuel oil and similar products. The Cleveland open cup method (ASTM D-92) is most commonly used, although the Tag open cup (ASTM D-3143) is applicable to cutback asphalt. As noted above, the flash point of asphalt is an indication of fire hazard and is frequently used to indicate whether asphalt has been contaminated with materials of lower flash point. 

Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Tester," Amer. Soc. for Test. and Mater., ASTM D93 (1974). 

Closed-cup tester A device for determining flash points of flammable and combustible liquids, utilizing an enclosed cup or container for the hquid. Recognized types are the Tagliabue (Tag) Closed Tester, the Pensky-Martens Closed Tester, and the Setaflash Closed-Cup Tester. 

The lowest temperature at which the vapor of a combustible liquid can be made to ignite momentarily in air, as distinct from fire point. Flash point is an important indicator of the fire and explosion hazards associated with a petroleum product. There are a number of ASTM tests for flash point, e.g., Cleveland open cup, Pensky-Martens closed tester, Tag closed tester. Tag open cup. 

The flashpoints of liquids having a viscosity of 45 Saybolt Universal Second(s) or more at 175°F (79.4°C) or higher shall be determined in accordance with the Standard Method of Test for Flash Point by the Pensky Martens Closed Tester, ASTM D-93-69 (incorporated by reference See 1926.6), or an equivalent method as defined by 1910.1200 appendix B. 

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