Instron tensile tester

Tensile tests were carried out on recombinant resilin in PBS buffer on an Instron Tensile Tester (model 4500) at a rate of 5 mm/min and a temperature of 21°C. The swollen strip samples (7 X 1 mm) had a gauge length of 5 mm and were cycled initially up to a strain of about 200%. The... 

Mechanical Properties. The mechanical properties of thin, solvent-cast polymer films were measured on an Instron Tensile Tester according to ASTM standard D882-83. In all cases, tensile values were calculated from the average of at least four measurements obtained from four separate specimens per polymer sample. 

An Instron Tensile Tester Model TM was Interfaced to a micro-computer for data collection and transmission to a minicomputer. A FORTRAN program was developed to allow data analysis by the minicomputer. The program generates stress-strain curves from the raw data, calculates physical parameters, and produces reports and plots. 

All tensile and stress-relaxation measurements were done using an Instron Tensile tester. The samples were cut into the dumbbell shape corresponding to the ASTM D412 type C model (total length 4.5 in. straight part 1.5 in. width 0.25 in.). 

Tensile properties were determined according to ASTM D638 using an Instron tensile tester equipped with a 500 kg load cell. 

The tensile strength, modulus, and elongation at break were measured on an Instron Tensile Tester at a crosshead speed of 20 in./min (ASTM D-412) and the hardness by means of a Shore A Durometer (ASTM D-2240). 

Stress-strain measurements were carried out on molded films ( 1 mm thickness) at room temperature by the use of microdumbell-shaped samples and an Instron tensile tester (model No. 1130, crosshead speed of 5 cm/min). The samples were premolded between Mylar sheets for 10 min at 162 °C at about 5000 psi, then remolded at 165 °C and 7000 psi for 20 min, and slowly cooled ( 1 °C/min) to 50 °C. Select samples were solvent extracted by MEK using a Soxhlet extractor before molding. 

Tensile properties (tensile strength, elongation, modulus) were measured on an Instron tensile tester (ASTM D882-61T Method A). The tensile modulus was the slope of the initial straight portion of the stress-strain diagram. The heat-distortion... 

Tensile Strength. The tensile strength and elongation of the two polymers and their blends were measured at room temperature with a table model, Instron tensile tester at a strain rate of 111 percent per minute. 

The main experimental methodology used is to directly characterize the tensile properties of CNTs/polymer composites by conventional pull tests (e.g. with Instron tensile testers). Similarly, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) were also applied to investigate the tensile strength and tensile modulus. With these tensile tests, the ultimate tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation to break of composites can be determined from the tensile strain-stress curve. 

The metallic layers were examined either by conventional or cross-section TEM in a Jeol 200 Cx microscope. For the cross section preparation a sandwich of two laminates is made, glued face to face with an epoxy, cut in small pieces, mechanically polished, and then ion milled to a final TEM observation thickness. The plane section TEM sample are prepared by dissolving the PET in trifluoroacetic acid for 5 to 10 mn. The area observed, on plane section TEM, for the grain size calculation is close to 0.2 urn. For the adhesion measurements, test pieces consist of aluminum support (1 mm thick) double sided tape (Permacel P-94) PET (12pm) / evaporated aluminum/ ethylene acrylic acid (EAA) copolymer film. These laminates are prepared for the peel test by compression under 1.3 105 N.m2 at 120°C for 10 seconds. The peel test is performed by peeling the EAA copolymer sheet from the laminate in an INSTRON tensile tester at 180° peel angle and 5 cm min peel rate. 

Mechanical Testing. Tensile strength tests were performed with an Instron tensile tester as per the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D-1682, and tear testing was done with an Elmendorf apparatus as per ASTM D-1424 at 21 °C and 65% rh, after conditioning the specimens for at least 24 h. Results reported are the average of three tests. 

Mechanical Properties of Fiber. Tenacities and initial moduli were obtained for fiber samples using an Instron tensile tester Model TT-B. The extension rate was 2.54... 

TensUe tests, at controlled strain rates, were performed on an Instron tensile tester. Samples were rectangular, 6.35 mm by 3.17 mm in cross-section, or cylindrical, with a diameter of 5.1 mm. Both types had a gauge length of 12.7 mm. Fatigue tests were carried out on similar cylindrical samples, or on rectangular specimens, 5.1 mm by 3.17 nun in cross-section, at various selected stress amplitudes and at frequencies... 

Tensile tests at low to intermediate displacement rates (i.e. 1, 10, 100 and 500 mm/min) were performed by an Instron tensile tester model 4502 equipped with a 1 kN load cell. Temperature in the range from 0°C to 70°C was controlled by an Instron thermostatic chamber model 3119. Tests at the moderately high displacement rate of 60000 mm/min (1 m/s) were carried out at room temperature by an instrumented CEAST impact pendulum in the tensile configuration. Load data were collected at a sampling time of 30 p.s and load vs displacement curves were provided directly by the CEAST software (DAS 4000 Extended Win Acquisition System Ver. 3.30). 

Dynamic mechanical properties were determined with a Polymer Laboratories Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analyzer (DMTA) using the tensile mode. The fiber length was in all cases 20 mm at an initial 0.5% elongation. The heating rate was set to 5°C/min. Break tenacities were measured on an Instron tensile tester model 1130 using a sample length of 25.4 mm and a strain rate of 0.508 mm/min (0.02 in./min). All reported break-tenacities and moduli are the mean values of four measurements. 

The mechanical strength of a hair is determined by measuring its tensile properties using a Diastron or Instron tensile tester. The slope of the post-yield and the breaking force obtained from a typical stress-strain curve have been found to relate to the loss of mechanical strength of the hair and to the percent f reduction of disulfide bonds [79,82,196],... 

Pull tests were carried out using an Instron machine. The procedure used for determining the pull strength is given in a subsequent paper.(4) Pull tests were also performed in aqueous environments. After the curing step, the rods were immersed in boiling water for 2 h. The lower jaw of the Instron tensile tester was modified to perform pull tests in an aqueous medium. 

Test Methods. The standard physical-mechanical properties of the elastomers were measured at ambient temperature with an INSTRON Tensile Tester. 

Stress Relaxation Polyurethane networks were also polymerized in a mold with a cylindrical cavity. Uniform rings were cut from the cylinders and weighed. The cross sectional area was then derived from the sample diameter and polymer density and approximated 0.05 cm2. Stress relaxation was measured at several strains between 10 and 43% with an Instron tensile tester. During stress relaxation, the samples were immersed in dioxane and swelled to equilibrium. 

Tensile Tests. Tensile tests were done on an Instron tensile tester un er ambient coi dition at strain rates, , ranging from 1.0 X 10 to 5.5 x 10 sec. Experiments were done in triplicate at each strain rate. Stress, a, and strain, , at yield (not shown) were determined using tSe 0.2% offset method (5). Stress,, and strain, , at break and the work to break, W, (the area under the stress-strain curve) were also calculated. The latter was evaluated via a computer program using a Simpson s Rule method. 

Mechanical Testing. An Instron tensile tester, Model TTC was used to draw filaments in air at 25°C and 200% min-1. 

Mechanical Properties. The stress-strain curves were determined with an Instron tensile tester (Table Model 1130). The crosshead speed was 50 mm/min. The measurements were performed on wet 1.3-cm X 0.4-cm dog bone samples at room temperature. 

Tensile stress-strain measurements were performed on solvent-cast (10% w/v) films using an Instron tensile tester. 

The usual procedure for evaluating the stretching properties of human hair is via load-elongation (stress/strain) methods. Stress/strain testing involves stretching a hber of known length (we usually use 5cm hbers), at a hxed rate (a convenient rate is 0.25 cm/min) in water, in buffer, or at a hxed relative humidity (approximately 60% RH), near room temperature on an automated instrument such as an Instron Tensile Tester (Instron Corporation) (Rgure 8-1). It is unfortunate that there are no standard test conditions in the cosmetic industry for this widely used procedure. 

Figure 8-1. A single hair fiber loaded in an Instron tensile tester for load-elongation study.

The method of Scott and Robbins [123] involves attaching the root end of a hair hber to the load cell of an Instron tensile tester. The hber is weighted at the tip end and partially wrapped around two mandrels (these may be rotated) but more relevant results are obtained when the mandrels are not rotated. The mandrels are attached to the crosshead, and as they move downward against the hber, the frictional tension is recorded. 

Viscosities were measured using a Brookfield viscometer with a Thermosel attachment. Stress-strain properties were determined on 3-10 mil films of the homopolymerized oligomer using an Instron Tensile Tester. The films were obtained from warm resin containing 4 pph photoinitiator, Irgacure 184. 

Testing Procedures. The tensile properties of dry and wet warp yarns from control and treated samples were measured by ASTM D2256-66T on an Instron Tensile Tester, Model TM using a gauge length of 3 inches and a rate of extension of 33% per minute (Table I). Wrinkle recovery (dry and wet) values were determined by AATCC test method 66-1978 (Table 11). The felting shrinkage and alkali solubilities were determined by the methods outlined by Haron (14) (Table II). 

FIGURE 11.6 Stress-strain curve typical of either an acetate or triacetate yam (Instron Tensile Tester at 60%/tnin, rate of extension). (From G.M. Moelter and R. Steele, In J. McKetta, ed., Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design, vol. 1, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1976, p. 171.)... 

The tensile properties were determined using a Instron tensile tester (model 4411) following the ASTM D-638 procedure and using type 1 test specimen dimensions. The crosshead speed was set at 50 mm.min-i and 5 samples were tested for each composition. Tensile stress at yield, tensile strength at break and elongation at break were determined from the recorded force versus elongation curve. 

Ultimate Properties The tensile strengths were determined on an Instron Tensile Tester at room temperature at a crosshead speed of 2 in/min using dumbbell-shaped specimens (0.08 x 0.25 X 2 ). 

In the knot strength tests, a single and sinqile knot (see Fig. 2) was tied in die middle of the sutures mechanically on the Instron Tensile Tester by q lying 10 N tensions. 

Instron tensile tester n. A high precision electronic test instrument designed for testing a variety of material under a broad range of test conditions. It is used to measure and chart the load-elongation properties of fibers, yarns, fabrics, webbings, plastics, films, rubber, leather, paper, etc. It may also be used to measure such properties as tear resistance and resistance to compression. 

Different compositional ratios of this blend were analyzed for their stress optical coefficients, applying a method in which an 80 fim thick foil of the blend, obtained from solution, is stretched about 15°C above Tg of that composition in an Instron tensile tester at different stress values, after which the foil is quenched. The birefringence is then analyzed in a polarization microscope. From the measured stress versus elongation and the birefringence versus elongation, the ratio between birefringence and stress can be calculated, yielding Cor-... 

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