Technical standards, monitoring

Obviously, decision makers did not remain unconcerned, especially considering traffic emissions. The first regulation came into force by September 1971, a few months before the first earth summit the Stockholm conference. It was the starting point of a long sequence of amendment steps towards more and more stringent emission limit values, also associated with numerous technical standards (monitoring procedures, test cycle profiles, vehicle fleet typology,. ..). 

Chief Engineer Develop, monitor, and maintain technical standards and... 

Taking just one of these, the control responsibility to develop, monitor, and maintain technical standards and policy, the risks (potentially inadequate or unsafe control actions) identified using STPA step 1 include ... 

The vibration monitor was fixed at the back of the tractor seat, by means of the magnets (Fig. 1). It should be noted that the objective of this work was to analyze the readout performance and record the unit in relation to different field situations, thereby eliminating the testing in accordance with the technical standards laid down, since the appliance is at the development stage. 

Standards and Recommended Practices relating to corrosion monitoring are published by both ASTM and NACE. The Institute of Corrosion (UK) publishes European practices and experience via the NACE Technical Committe system. 

The second type of monitoring Sis are constructed from tools such as (safety) inspections, and (safety) observational programmes. These tools are numerous, van Steen (van Steen, 1996) amongst others provides an overview of many different technical and human based inspections utilized by different companies in the chemical process industry. The aim of this type of tool is to check the presence and effectiveness of technical and human safety measures. This safe way of working is compared with standards (technical and human) and expert opinion to indicate... 

Routine monitoring of lactate is not recommended, since lactate concentrations do not correlate with symptoms and patients may have asymptomatic lactatemia. Furthermore, technical difficulties in blood collection and processing, and the lack of a standardized definition of lactic acidosis for patients taking NRTIs, prevent any routine monitoring recommendations in the absence of symptoms. In addition, it is possible that NRTIs also cause other forms of mitochondrial dysfunction. 

The use of ELISA is broad and it finds applications in many biological laboratories over the last 30 years many tests have been developed and vahdated in different domains such as clinical diagnostics, pharmaceutical research, industrial control or food and feed analytics for instance. Our work has been to redesign the standard ELISA test to fit in a microfluidic system with disposable electrochemical chips. Many applications are foreseen since the biochemical reagents are directly amenable from a conventional microtitre plate to our microfluidic system. For instance, in the last 5 years, we have reported previous works with this concept of microchannel ELISA for the detection of thromboembolic event marker (D-Dimer) [4], hormones (TSH) [18], or vitamin (folic acid) [24], It is expected that similar technical developments in the future may broaden the use of electroanalytical chemistry in the field of clinical tests as has been the case for glucose monitoring. This work also contributes to the novel analytical trend to reduce the volume and time consumption in analytical labs using lab-on-a-chip devices. Not only can an electrophoretic-driven system benefit from the miniaturisation but also affinity assays and in particularly immunoassays with electrochemical detection. 

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