Picture forming

Among all holistic methods proposed for quality assessments, image or picture forming methods are the most frequently used. In 10 out of 11 studies they were shown to differentiate accurately between samples of products from organic and conventional farming systems (Alfoldi et al., 2006). The... 

In a study comparing organic and conventional apples (variety Golden Delicious) from a range of commercial orchards it was found that reproducible differences between apples from organic and conventional systems can be detected (Fig. 16.6). Additionally, the vitality index produced based on the picture forming method was found to be correlated with the technical standard index based on chemical quality tests and the sensory test results (Fig. 16.7, left) (Weibel et al., 2004a). 

However, while it has become more generally accepted that the picture forming method can be a suitable tool for identifying products from organic and conventional production systems, there is controversy about the suitability of using these data to detect or extrapolate specific additional or non-material quality differences between samples of the same crop. 

Fig. 16.6 Reproducibility of the picture forming methods. Fruits from the same sample were analysed twice (before and after storage) and blind coded. The quality-interpretation in the form of a vitality index correlated significantly and well between the two analyses (R2 = 0.72 filled symbols = organic open symbols = conventional same symbol form = same village).

Fig. 16.7 Correlations between the vitality quality index (based on data from picture forming methods and the index of technical quality (based on classical fruit quality tests, see text) in the first year (left) and the second year (right) of the study (filled symbols = organic, open symbols = conventional same symbol form = same village).

An external gas pressure gradient applied between anode and cathode sides of the fuel cell may be superimposed on the internal gradient in liquid pressure. This provides a means to control the water distribution in PEMs under fuel cell operation. This picture forms the basis for the hydraulic permeation model of membrane operation that has been proposed by Eikerling et al. This basic structural approach can be rationalized on the basis of the cluster network model. It can also be adapted to include the pertinent structural pictures of Gebel et and Schmidt-Rohr et al. ... 

Red Caseade (pictured) forms a small tree or large shrub, with spreading branehes eovered with fuehsia-pink fruits that split to reveal orange inside. 

Figure 19 Snapshots of simulated adsorption of (R,R)-bitartrate on Cu(llO). (a) the (9 0,1 2) structure (upper left of the picture) forms through compression of wider spaced rows (middle of the picture). The difference in row spacing is indicated by the arrows above the picture, (b) Under continued adsorption, a perfect (9 0,1 2) structure is obtained the unit cell is indicated...

For example, a picture form of green with envy could include the discovery of a rare, radioactive element that glows enough to turn the faces of onlookers green with envy. ... 

We not only grow up with standardized pictures forming inside of us, but as grown-ups we are constantly having them thrust upon us. Some of them, like the half-joking, half-serious stereotypes of mothers-in-law, or country yokels, or psychiatrists, are dinned into us by the stock jokes we hear and repeat. In fact, without such stereotypes, there would be a lot fewer jokes. Still other stereotypes are perpetuated by the advertisements we read, the movies we see, the books we read. 

We used primarily qualitative methods in our analysis of what makes employees feel maximally included. Qualitative analysis is an inquiry process of understanding a social or human problem based upon building a complex, holistic picture formed with words reporting detailed views of informants, and conducted in a natural setting. Also known as interpretive research, its foundation was built by late nineteenth-century writers such as Kant, Weber, and Dilthey For more information about qualitative approaches to research ingeneral, we recommend Hennink s 2004 book. We also recommend Boyatzis 2004 book on Thematic Analysis, which informed the analysis of the data presented in this book. 

Applique a-pb- ka [Fr, pp of appliquer to put on, fr. L applicare] (1801) n. Pattern or picture, formed by laying various materials usually on a fabric ground. Especially suitable for dressmaking and needlework. A design or ornament apphed to another surface. In wallpaper, cut-outs apphed to a plain, textured, or figured background. 

FIGURE 9 The active matrix (left) and ferroelectric (right) LCD technologies are the main contenders for picture-forming display applications. [Courtesy of GEC Hirst Research Centre.]... 

Roentgenogram The shadow picture formed on a sensitized film or plate by x-rays passing through a body. 

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