Standards Technical Translations

This is basically a Slovak translation of an English edition of the ISO 14 121-1 standard that has been elaborated by the technical committee of ISO/TC 199 Machine safety in cooperation with the technical committee of European Committee for Standards/Technical Committee (ECN/TC) 114 Machine safety, whose headquarters are located at DIN—a German standard-setting institution and German is the language in which the European Standards (EN) ISO 14121-1 standard has been written. The standard has replaced the Slovak Technical Standard European Standards (STN EN) 1050 standard elaborated also by experts in Germany this is an A standard, i.e., an elementary (general) safety standard. 

Throughout this book the regulatory regime is referred to as Labour Code , a translation of the French Code du Travail . All countries have national regulatory codes, some of which reflect wider imperatives (eg ED directories, ILO conventions, UN standards). In adddition, there are many technical and other codes of practice or procedure produced by national or international professional, technical and industrial organisations. Exampies of the former are the reguiatory codes of the HSE and The EA in the UK, and of OSHA and ERA in the USA and of the latter, the NFPA, which is referred to extensively in this book. 

Technically, in vitro transcription is achieved from standard expression plasmids typically carrying SP6 or T7 promoters using marketed kits. Translation into the polypeptide may be either coupled directly to the transcription (in vitro TnT) or require isolation of the RNA. Again, a large number of suitable prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell extracts as well as complementation factors are freely available. 

From the technical viewpoint, the matrix inversion (C C) in Equation 12.36 can be very unstable if any two of the analyte concentrations in the calibration standards happen to be highly correlated to one another. This translates to the need for careful experimental design in the preparation of calibration standards for CLS modeling, which is particularly challenging because multiple constituents must be considered. In addi-... 

Tables of calorimetric data are formd in a. Landolt-Boemstein (1956-71) Zahlenwerte und Funktionen. Springer, Berlin, 6 ed, Vol II, Parts 1-5 continued as Hellwege KH, ed. New Series Group IV Macroscopic and Technical Properties of Matter, b. Am Pet Inst Research Proj 44 Selected Values of Properties of Hydrocarbon and Related Compounds. Thermodynamics Res Center, Texas A M University, College Station, TX. c. Touloukian YS, Ho CY, eds (1970-1979) Thermophysical Properties of Matter, The TPRC Data Series. Vols 4-6, Specific Heat. IFI/Plenum, New York, NY. d. NBS Technical Notes 270-3 to 270-7 (1968-1973) Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties. Institute for Basic Standards, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC. e. Karapet yants MKh, Karapet yants ML (1970) Thermodynamic Constants of Inorganic and Organic Compounds. Humphrey Sci Publ, Ann Arbor. Translated by Schmork J. f. Lide DR (annual editions) CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

The guarantee force of the technical standard also places the latter in the position of assuming higher functions with legal implications. In the first place, the protection function of the safety standard should be mentioned. Since the standard determines specific requirements, it attempts to translate the protection of all who could be exposed to the hazards of the technical product into reality in the best possible manner. In this sense the standard, and this is part of its nature, in its statement and power of conviction is constantly subjected to new and better findings. To the same extent as new safety-technical knowledge develops and becomes established, the existing technical standard loses the claim to optimal realization of the desired protection. 

The technical work described in this paper was carried out in support of the Buncefield Standards Task Group (BSTG). The BSTG was formed soon after the Buncefield incident and consisted of representatives from industry and the joint Competent Authority for the Control of Major Accident Hazards (COMAH). The aim of the task group was to translate the lessons from the incident into effective and practical guidance. 

This easy physical interpretation of natural collision coordinates, combined with the fact that the translational motion along the reaction path can be solved using essentially standard inelastic scattering techniques [112, 113], led to the success of the early H-I-P-H2 0-H2+H calculations and appeared to bode well for future applications of the approach [114]. Unfortunately, attempts to generalize methods based on these coordinates beyond the simplest 3D reaction soon ran into technical difficulties which seemed impossible to overcome. These difficulties are not immediately apparent in the simple collinear model of Fig. 1.2b, but the following two observations should at least give the general idea ... 

Especially translations of some legislative provisions (Figure 1.6), first and foremost standards of any type, cause potential uncertainty in terms used in specific countries, which might lead to incoherent interpretations by employers and employees, as well as by supervising institutions within internationalization of industrial activities. Therefore, it is important to look for equality in the usage of notions in occupational health and safety management, as well as in safety of technical systems. 

In the design and construction of new production systems, technical specifications play an important role. They represent a company s collective experiences from their production systems in operation. The company s project organisation instructs machinery and equipment vendors and engineering contractors to comply with the requirements in the specifications. We have to interpret the experiences from individual accidents and near accidents and from analyses of accident concentrations and translate them into specific requirements for use in such specifications. It is recommended that group problem-solving techniques be applied in this process. Regulatory requirements and standards on safety are similar experience carriers at the national or branch-of-industry levels. We will come back to this issue in Chapter 27. 

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