Tallow esters

Tallow ester sulfonate (alpha-sulfostcaiyl methyl ester component)... 

The most common esterquats in fabric softener formulation are quater-nized di-tallow esters of methyltriethanolamine, dimethyldiethanolamine, or... 

CAS 90268-48-7 EINECS/ELINCS 290-850-0 Synonyms Butanedioic acid, 4-amino-4-oxo-2-sulfo-N-tallow alkyl derivs., disodium salts Butanedioic acid, sulfo-, tallow ester, disodium salt Succinic acid, sulfo-, tallow ester, disodium salt Sulfobutanedioic acid, tallow ester, disodium salt Classification Organic compd. 

Succinic acid anhydride. See Succinic anhydride Succinic acid, dimethyl ester. See Dimethyl succinate Succinic acid, hydroxy-. See N-Hydroxysuccinic acid Succinic acid, sulfo-, tallow ester, disodium salt See Disodium tallow sulfosuccinamate... 

Sulfobutanedioic acid, tallow ester, disodium sail See Disodium tallow sulfosuccinamate... 

Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dihydrogenated tallow ester. See Dihydrogenated tallow phthalate... 

Butanedioic acid, sulfo-, palmitamido PEG-2 ester, disodium salt. See Disodium palmitamido PEG-2 sulfosuccinate Butanedioic acid, sulfo-, palmitoleamido PEG-2 ester, disodium salt. See Disodium palmitoleamido PEG-2 sulfosuccinate Butanedioic acid, sulfo-, tallow ester, disodium salt. See Disodium tallow sulfosuccinamate Butanedioic acid, sulfo-, 4-tridecyl ester, disodium salt. SeeDisodium tridecylsulfosuccinate Butanedioic acid, (tetrapropenyl)-, disodium salt. See Disodium tetrapropenyl succinate Butanedioic anhydride. See Succinic anhydride Butanediol. See 1,4-Butanediol... 

Uses Antistat in cosmetics Dihydrogenated tallow phthalate CAS 99035-59-3 EINECS/ELINCS 308-925-4 Synonyms 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dihydrogenated tallow ester 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, ditallow alkyl esters Dihydrogenated tallow 1,2-benzened i carboxyl ate... 

Sulfuric acid, mixed coco and hydrogenated-tallow esters, sodium salts. See Sodium coco/hydrogenated tallow sulfate Sulfuric acid, mono-CI2-15-alkyl esters, ammonium salts. See Ammonium C12-15 alkyl... 

Because of the excellent hard water stability a-sulfonated fatty acid esters are suitable for the development of a phosphate-free detergent. The low sensitivity to water hardness is also the reason that the ester sulfonates, especially a-sulfomethyl tallow ester, have good washing properties in... 

SuHobutanedioic acid, palmitoleamido PEG-2 ester, disodium saH. See Disodium palmHoleamklo PEG-2 suHosuccinate SuHobutanedioic acid, tallow ester, disodium saH. See Disodium tallow suHb-succinamate... 

Sulfuric acid, cocoyl ester, magnesium satt. See Magnesium coco-sulfote Sulfuric acid, decyl ester, sodium satt. See Sodium decyl sulfete Sulfiiric acid diammonium satt. See Ammonium sulfate Sulfuric acid diethyl ester. See Diethyl sulfate Sulfuric acid, disodium salt. See Sodium sulfate Sulfuric acid, dodecyl ester, triethanolamine salt See TEA-lauiyl sulfote Sulfuric acid, lauryl ester, ammonium salt See Ammonium lauiyl sulfate Sulfuric acid magnesium salt (1 1). See Magnesium sulfote anhydrous Sulfuric acid, mixed coco and hydrogenated-tallow esters, sodium salts. See Sodium coco/hydrogenated tallow sulfate Sulfuric acid, mono-C12-15-alkyl esters, ammonium salts. See Ammonium C12-15 alkyl sulfate... 

Two important widely used sulfonic acids are known as TwitcheU s reagents, or as in Russia, the Petrov catalysts. These reagents are based on benzene or naphthalene ( ) and (12), [3055-92-3] and [82415-39-2] respectively. The materials are typically made by the coupling of an unsaturated fatty acid with benzene or naphthalene in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid (128). These sulfonic acids have been used extensively in the hydrolysis of fats and oils, such as beef tallow (129), coconut oil (130,131), fatty methyl esters (132), and various other fats and oils (133—135). TwitcheU reagents have also found use as acidic esterification catalysts (136) and dispersing agents (137). 

Organic esters in the form of fats and oils from tallow and plants such as soybean, cottonseed, linseed, and castor bean are important raw materials for soap, paints, and food industries. 

Common fats (butter, tallow) and oils (olive, palm, and peanut) are mixed esters each molecule has most often three, sometimes two, or, rarely, one kind of acid combined with a single glycerol. There are so many such combinations in a given sample that fats and oils do not have sharp melting or boiling points. Ranges are found instead. 

After bleaching, the a-sulfonated ester has to be neutralized with sodium hydroxide or some other aqueous base to obtain the salt. Hydrolysis of the ester groups is avoided if the temperature does not exceed 45 °C and the pH is between 7.5 and 9. Neutralization is thus performed in a continuous process to ensure pH control and effective heat removal [33]. The concentration of the NaOH solution has to be calculated so that a slurry is obtained that has a low viscosity so as to facilitate further processing. For example, neutralization can produce a 40% aqueous slurry of sodium palm kernel methyl ester a-sulfonate or a 25% aqueous slurry of sodium tallow methyl ester a-sulfonate [33],... 

FIG. 10 Effect of the mixing ratio tallow a-ester sulfonate/tallow disalt and water hardness on detergency R for fabrics soiled with mineral oil (T = 60°C 1 g/L surfactant). (From Ref. 58.)... 

A phosphate-free detergent with excellent detergency and improved foaming and rinsing properties consists of 10% sodium a-sulfo hardened beef tallow fatty acid methyl ester, 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 5% a-sulfomyristic acid disodium salt, 10% zeolite, 10% sodium silicate, 10% sodium carbonate, 10% cellulose, 40% Flauber s salt, and 4% water [80]. 

A detergent, imparting better flexibility to cotton cloth is produced by adding 1% sodium a-sulfo hardened tallow fatty acid methyl ester and 9% disodium a-sulfo hardened palm oil fatty acid to a mixture of 5% sodium n-dodecyl-benzenesulfonate, 5% a-C16-olefmsulfonate, 3% dimethyldistearylammonium chloride, 15% zeolite, 10% sodium silicate, 10% sodium carbonate, 2% soap, 35% Na2S04-7H20, and 5% water [84],... 

Sodium a-sulfomethylmyristate is used together with the sodium salt of hardened beef tallow fatty acid to produce a soap with little skin irritation [88]. Shampoos for application to hair as well as skin comprise a-sulfo fatty acid ester salts, fatty acid dialkanolamides, and citric acid. For example, a shampoo that consists of 15% sodium a-sulfoethylmyristate, 3% lauric acid diethanolamide, 0.5% citric acid, and 81.5% water is very effective even in hard water and only slightly irritating to the skin [89]. 

The acute toxicity of ester sulfonates is mainly related to the length of the carbon chain of the fatty acid. The acute fish toxicity of tallow-based ester sulfonates is relatively high (LC0 = 0.4-0.9 mg/L) compared with coconut-based ester sulfonates (LC0 — 46 mg/L) [113]. In spite of this relatively high fish toxicity of the long-chain ester sulfonates both acute and long-term toxic effects can be excluded for normal environmental conditions. For example, the sum of all anionic surfactants in German rivers is stable on a level far below... 

The concept of a soap-LSDA detergent represents a simple solution to the quest for less polluting highly efficient laundry detergents [47,48]. If present worldwide price trends for petrochemicals, phosphates, and other builders continue to rise, the use of tallow or other fats and oils, which are replenishable agricultural products or byproducts, should become economically more attractive. Since the USD A research team initiated research on soap-LSDA detergents, the a-sulfonated fatty acid esters (MES) have become commercially available in the United States, Europe, and Japan. 

Primary alcohols are produced either by the catalytic hydrogenation of methyl esters or by fatty acids derived from oils and fats, e.g., coconut oil (C12-C14) or tallow (Cl6-C18), or from synthetic sources. Alcohols manufactured from natural oils and fats and from the Ziegler-type processes produce even-numbered chain length primary alcohols. 

Apart from a few reports" on solid acid catalyzed esterification of model compounds, to our knowledge utilization of solid catalysts for biodiesel production from low quality real feedstocks have been explored only recently. 12-Tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) impregnated on hydrous zirconia was evaluated as a solid acid catalyst for biodiesel production from canola oil containing up to 20 wt % free fatty acids and was found to give ester yield of 90% at 200°C. Propylsulfonic acid-functionalized mesoporous silica catalyst for esterification of FFA in flotation beef tallow showed a superior initial catalytic activity (90% yield) relative to a... 

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