Tallow methyl ester

After bleaching, the a-sulfonated ester has to be neutralized with sodium hydroxide or some other aqueous base to obtain the salt. Hydrolysis of the ester groups is avoided if the temperature does not exceed 45 °C and the pH is between 7.5 and 9. Neutralization is thus performed in a continuous process to ensure pH control and effective heat removal [33]. The concentration of the NaOH solution has to be calculated so that a slurry is obtained that has a low viscosity so as to facilitate further processing. For example, neutralization can produce a 40% aqueous slurry of sodium palm kernel methyl ester a-sulfonate or a 25% aqueous slurry of sodium tallow methyl ester a-sulfonate [33],... 

Oleic acid content = 77.9 wt% before conversion to biodiesel. c4 1 v/v soybean oil methyl ester/tallow methyl ester. 

TABLE 1.12. Effect of added synthetic antioxidant (lOOOppm) on OSI of RME, UCOME, Distilled-UCOME and Tallow methyl esters (TME)."... 

At the present time the problems associated with cloud points which are too high are addressed in three ways. These are (a) cold filtration, (b) the use of additives, and (c) the blending with conventional diesel fuel. The recent inclusion of B20, a 20% blend of methyl esters with diesel fuel, as an allowable friel under the US FT ACT program, is not arbitrary. At the 20% level, significant reductions in CFPP of the esters can be achieved. This reduction obviously is related to the individual cloud points of the diesel friel and methyl esters separately. As an example, a beef tallow methyl ester (CFPP = +20), when blended at the 20% level with a petrodiesel having a CP of -3, d a resulting CP of 11. The reduction effect is not linear over the whole range and has the maximum benefit below 20%. 

EINECS 262-989-7 Fatty xids, tallow. Me esters Methyl esters of tallow Methyl tallowate Tallow, methyl ester. 

Fatty acids, montan-wax, mixed diesters with 1,2-propanediol and 1,3-butanediol. See Glycol/butylene glycol montanate Fatty acids, soya. See Soy acid Fatty acids, tall oil. See Tall oil acid Fatty acids, tall oil, copper salts. See Copper tallate Fatty acids, tallow, methyl esters. See Methyl tallowate Fatty acids, tallow, sodium salts. See Sodium tallowate... 

CAS 61788-61-2 EINECS/ELINCS 262-989-7 Synonyms Fatty acids, tallow, methyl esters Definition Ester of methyl alcohol and tallow acid Uses Wetting/oiliness agent for metalworking and lubricating oils lubricant, plasticizer for cosmetics, leather, rubber prods. solvent for pesticides and herbicides in food-pkg. adhesives Regulatory FDA 21 CFR 175.105 Manuf/Distrib. Anar Mosselman NV Sea-Land Trade Names Exceparl MT... 

Fatty acids, tallow, methyl esters. See Methyl tallowate... 

The function of the products biodiesel from tallow (TME - tallow methyl ester) and biodiesel from used vegetable oil (UVO) is to serve as fuel for combustion in (unspecified) motor vehicles. The functional unit used to quantify this function is the combustion energy (calorific value) of biodiesel. The reference flow is 1 MJ combustion energy. 

Competing uses of tallow are in the making of soap, as an animal feed supplement, as bird feed, as an aid in cooking, and in the making of candles. More recently tallow methyl esters are being used in blends to make the new biodiesel fuels, which are growing in consumption. 

Tallow imidazoline. See Tallow hydroxyethyl imidazoline Tallow imidazolinium methosulfote. See Quatemium-27 Tallow methyl ester. See Methyl tallowate Tallow mono, di and tri glycerides. See Tallow glycerides Tallow monogiyceride. See Tallow glyceride Tallow, mutton. See Tallow Tallow nitrile CAS 61790-28-1... 

Two important widely used sulfonic acids are known as TwitcheU s reagents, or as in Russia, the Petrov catalysts. These reagents are based on benzene or naphthalene ( ) and (12), [3055-92-3] and [82415-39-2] respectively. The materials are typically made by the coupling of an unsaturated fatty acid with benzene or naphthalene in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid (128). These sulfonic acids have been used extensively in the hydrolysis of fats and oils, such as beef tallow (129), coconut oil (130,131), fatty methyl esters (132), and various other fats and oils (133—135). TwitcheU reagents have also found use as acidic esterification catalysts (136) and dispersing agents (137). 

A phosphate-free detergent with excellent detergency and improved foaming and rinsing properties consists of 10% sodium a-sulfo hardened beef tallow fatty acid methyl ester, 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 5% a-sulfomyristic acid disodium salt, 10% zeolite, 10% sodium silicate, 10% sodium carbonate, 10% cellulose, 40% Flauber s salt, and 4% water [80]. 

A detergent, imparting better flexibility to cotton cloth is produced by adding 1% sodium a-sulfo hardened tallow fatty acid methyl ester and 9% disodium a-sulfo hardened palm oil fatty acid to a mixture of 5% sodium n-dodecyl-benzenesulfonate, 5% a-C16-olefmsulfonate, 3% dimethyldistearylammonium chloride, 15% zeolite, 10% sodium silicate, 10% sodium carbonate, 2% soap, 35% Na2S04-7H20, and 5% water [84],... 

Primary alcohols are produced either by the catalytic hydrogenation of methyl esters or by fatty acids derived from oils and fats, e.g., coconut oil (C12-C14) or tallow (Cl6-C18), or from synthetic sources. Alcohols manufactured from natural oils and fats and from the Ziegler-type processes produce even-numbered chain length primary alcohols. 

A number of closely related linear allenes have also been isolated from seed oils (Scheme 18.8). Examples are laballenic acid (18) [27], lamenallenic acid (19) [28] and phlomic acid (20) [29]. The hydroxy acid 21 was isolated as part of a triglyceride from the Chinese tallow tree Sapium sebiferum [30] and as its methyl ester 22 from the related species Sapium japonicum [31], which is found in Japan. 

Tallow ester sulfonate (alpha-sulfostcaiyl methyl ester component)... 

Parrish (1977) reviewed the research and development of lactose ester-type surfactants carried out by Scholnick and his colleagues (Scholnick et al. 1974, 1975 Scholnick and Linfield 1977). Their initial attempts to form lactose esters followed the same transesterification procedures that had been used with sucrose (a fatty acid methyl ester in N,N-dimethylformamide with potassium carbonate as the catalyst). Their successful approach was the reaction of lactose in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as the solvent with fatty acid chlorides, resulting in yields of 88 to 95% for esters of lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, and tallow fatty acids. The principal product was the monoester, which is important for detergent use, since diesters and higher esters of lactose are not water soluble. 

Many alcohols are prepared by reduction of the corresponding methyl esters which are derived from animal or vegetable fats, These alcohols are straight chain even-carbon-numbered compounds. Tallow and coconut oil are two major raw materials for higher alcohol manufacture. 

Raw materials. It is possible to use any fatty acid as a feed material for sulphonation but economic considerations dictate that oleochemical material be preferred. Fatty acids are readily obtained from vegetable and animal oils and fats which are fatty acid triglycerides. These are transesterified to generate glycerol and three moles of a fatty acid ester, normally a methyl ester. The methyl ester can be distilled to give a specific cut and the fatty acid finally isolated by hydrolysis or hydrogenation of the ester. It is common to use animal fats (tallow) in which case the dominant C chains are 16 and 18. 

To obtain substantial yields of surfactant hydrophobes, especially in the most useful C12— 14 range, the choice is restricted to coconut, palm and palm kernel oils. In the C16-18 range, the same oils are also used but animal (normally beef) tallow can be used. The use of animal fats raises some ethical issues but these are not commonly used to produce anionic surfactants. The oils may be converted to methyl esters by transesterification which allows easier distillation to remove heavy/light fractions and the esters are finally hydrogenated to fatty alcohols. Alternatively, the fat or oil can be hydrolysed to fatty acid prior to esterification... 

The tt-sulfo fatty acid esters represent another class of anionic surfactants. Methyl ester sulfonates (MES) are surfactants that are derived from a variety of methyl ester feedstocks such as coconut, palm kernel, palm stearin, beef tallow, and soy. Palmitic and stearic acid derivatives lead to good detergency because of the long hydrophobic residues [3, 4]. The sensitivity of MES to water hardness is similar to AOS and small compared to LAS and SAS. MES have exceptional dispersion power with respect to lime soap. They have only been used in a few Japanese detergents [3, 4]. 

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