Bean, castor

Figure Bl.14.8. Time course study of the arrival and accumulation of labelled sucrose in the stem of a castor bean seedling. The labelled tracer was chemically, selectively edited using CYCLCROP (cyclic cross polarization). The first image in the upper left comer was taken before the incubation of the seedlmg with enriched hexoses. The time given in each image represents the time elapsed between tire start of the incubation and the acquisition. The spectmm in the lower right comer of each image shows the total intensity...

These alkaloids include the substituted pyridone ricinine [524-40-3] (53), CgHgN202, which is easily isolated in high yield as the only alkaloid from the castor bean (Ricinus communis L.). The castor bean is also the source of castor oil (qv), which is obtained by pressing the castor bean and, rich in fatty acids, has served as a gentie cathartic. 

Castor Wax. Castor wax [8001-78-3] is catalyticahy hydrogenated castor bean oil. The wax has a melting point of 86°C, acid number of 2, saponification number of 179, and an iodine number of 4. Castor wax is used primarily in the formulation of cosmetics. Derivatives of castor wax are used as surfactants and plastics additives. 

Other Lethal Agents. There are a number of substances, many found in nature, which are known to be more toxic than nerve agents (6). None has been weaponized. Examples of these toxic natural products include shellfish poison, isolated from toxic clams puffer fish poison, isolated from the viscera of the puffer fish the active principle of curare "heart poisons" of the digitaUs type the active principle of the sea cucumber active principles of snake venom and the protein ricin, obtained from castor beans (See Castor oil). 

LesquereUa is an oilseed crop that has been mentioned as a potential industrial crop but is not yet grown in significant quantities. Castor beans have been a crop in the United States and provide a weU-known lubricating product, castor oil [8001-79-4]. However, castor is grown only in small quantities and most of the castor used in the United States is imported from Bra2il (11). 

Organic esters in the form of fats and oils from tallow and plants such as soybean, cottonseed, linseed, and castor bean are important raw materials for soap, paints, and food industries. 

Ricin (toxin from Castor bean Ricinus communis) [A chain 96638-28-7 B chain 96638-29-8] Mr -60,000, amorphous. Crude ricin, obtained by aqueous extraction and (NH4)2S04 pptn, was chromatographed on a galactosyl-Sepharose column with sequential elution of pure ricin. The second peak was due to ricin agglutinin. [Simmons and Russell Anal Biochem 146 206 1985.) Inhibitor of protein synthesis. EXTREMELY DANGEROUS, USE EXTREME CARE [instructions accompany product]. 

Of these materials zein, the maize protein, has been used for plastics on a small scale. It can be cross-linked by formaldehyde but curing times are very long. Complicated bleaching processes have led to the production of almost colourless samples in the laboratory but the process cannot readily be extended to large-scale operation. The cured product has a greater water resistance than casein. Proteins from soya bean, castor bean and blood have also been converted into plastic masses but each have the attendant dark colour. 

CASINGHEAD GASOLINE CASTOR BEAN POMACE CASTRIX... 

Brecher, m. breaker, crusher, etc. (see brechen), Brech-hsufen, m. (Brewing) broken piece, mer, n.pl. castor beans. -ksks, m. crushed coke, -kraft, /. (Opt.) refractive power, -mittel, n. emetic, -neigung, /. (Med.) nausea, -nuss, /. nux vomica, -pul-ver, n. emetic powder, -punkt, m. point of refraction, -stange, /. crowbar, pinch bar. fitoff, m. emetic, specif, emetine. 

Castor-nuss, /. castor bean. -31, n. castor oil. Catech-. see Katech-. 

Purgier-barz, n. scammony. -kassie, -kassia, /. purging cassia, -kom, n. purging grain or seed (grosses) castor bean (kleines)... 

Ricinus, m. castor-oil plant, -ijl, n. castor oil. -(ilsaure, /. ricinoleic acid. -Slseife, /. caator-soap, -olsulfosaure, /. castor-oil sulfonic acid, -samen, m. castor bean, -saure, /. ricinic (ricinoleic) acid, -seife, /. castor-oil soap. 

Ricin, an extremely toxic molecule isolated from the castor bean, inactivates eukaryotic 28S tibosomal RNA by providing the N-glycolytic cleavage or removal of a single adenine. 

A non-invasive measurement of phloem and xylem water flow in castor bean seedlings by nuclear magnetic resonance microimaging), Planta 201, 53-63. 

Fredriksson, S. Hulst, A. G. Artursson, E. de Jong, A. L. Nilsson, C. van Baar, B. L. Forensic identification of neat ricin and of ricin from crude castor bean extracts by mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2005, 77,1545-1555. 

Although it is evident from the above discussion that the fatty acids present in the usual vegetable or animal fats do not contribute to the carbohydrate stores in the animal body, there is ample proof that such may be the case in plants and lower organisms. This change has been confirmed in the castor bean where the R. Q. has been found to vary from 0.30 to 0.58 during the period of germination.1660 This could be correlated with the disappearance of fat and the formation of carbohydrate.167 There also seems to be evidence that silk worms are able to build carbohydrate at the expense of fat.168... 

The seeds of dicotyledonous plants have two cotyledons, or seed leaves, which are part of the embryo. The cotyledons usually are the main storage tissue, although in some plants (such as castor bean) the endosperm also has a storage function. During development in the field, seeds gradually accumulate storage oils, proteins and carbohydrates (Table 3.1). In the seed, the cotyledon structure is relatively simple. The remainder of the embryo, the embryonic axis, consists mostly of undifferentiated cells, but provascular tissue can be detected that develops into vascular tissue in the seedling. 

Delayed-action cytotoxin that inhibits protein synthesis (ribosomal inactivating protein) that is obtained from castor beans (Ricinus communis). Waste from production of castor oil contains about 5% ricin by weight. It is a white powder that is soluble in water and relatively heat stable. Aqueous solutions are resistant to chlorine at 10 ppm. It is persistent in the environment. 

CDC Case Definition A clinically compatible case with (1) detection of urinary ricinine, an alkaloid in the castor bean plant or (2) detection of ricin in environmental samples. The case can be confirmed if laboratory testing is not performed because either a predominant amount of clinical and nonspecific laboratory evidence is present or an absolute certainty of the etiology of the agent is known. 

Kaderbhai, M.A., R.B. Beechey, andN. Kaderbhai. 1989. Protein synthesis in isolated castor bean mitochondria is stimulated by cyanide. Plant Physiol. 89 669-673. 

Romano, C. et al., Factors related to the development of sensitization to green coffee and castor bean allergens among coffee workers, Clin Exp Allergy, 25, 643, 1995. 

The discovery in January 2003 of remnants of ricin, castor beans, and recipes for a half dozen other chemical and biological weapons in the London apartments of terrorists aligned with al Qaeda,... 

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