Compounds sulfides

Several metallic sulfide compounds have been used as fuels in pyrotechnic compositions. Antimony trisulfide, Sb2S3, is a reasonably low-melting material (m.p. 548°C) with a heat combustion of approximately 1 kcal/gram. It is easily ignited and can be used to aid in the ignition of more difficult fuels, serving as a tinder in the same way that elemental sulfur does. It has been used in the fireworks industry for white fire compositions and has been used in place of sulfur in flash and sound mixtures with potassium perchlorate and aluminum. 

Realgar (arsenic disulfide, AS2S2) is an orange powder with a melting point of 308°C and a boiling point of 565°C. Due to its low boiling point, it has been used in yellow smoke compositions (in spite of its toxicity), and has also been used to aid in the ignition of difficult mixtures. 

The use of all arsenic compounds, including realgar, is prohibited in common fireworks (the type purchased by individuals) by regulatious of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission.  

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Sulfides compounds of the type RSR are prepared by nucleophilic substitution reac tions Treatment of a primary or secondary alkyl halide with an alkanethiolate ion (RS ) gives a sulfide... 

Table 2. Some Sulfide Compounds with Nonmetal—Metal Transitions...

A method to circumvent the problem of chalcogen excess in the solid is to employ low oxidation state precursors in solution, so that the above collateral reactions will not be in favor thermodynamically. Complexation strategies have been used for this purpose [1, 2]. The most established procedure utilizes thiosulfate or selenosulfate ions in aqueous alkaline solutions, as sulfur and selenium precursors, respectively (there is no analogue telluro-complex). The mechanism of deposition in such solutions has been demonstrated primarily from the viewpoint of chemical rather than electrochemical processes (see Sect. 3.3.1). Facts about the (electro)chemistry of thiosulfate will be addressed in following sections for sulfide compounds (mainly CdS). Well documented is the specific redox and solution chemistry involved in the formulation of selenosulfate plating baths and related deposition results [11, 12]. It is convenient to consider some elements of this chemistry in the present section. 

As an illustrative example of this method for electrochemical synthesis of sulfide compounds consisfed in utilizing a sulfur-modified mefal surface as a template for fhe elecfrodeposition of mefal sulfide films, Tacconi and Rajeshwar described fhe firsf aflempl fo obfain all-elecfrodeposifed indium sulfide tiiin films, by a dual batii procedure [95] (cf conventional deposition of indium chalcogenides). The... 

Quatemized imidazolines with an amido moiety are suitable formulations for general oil and gas field applications. The synthesis of such compounds is detailed in the literature [1218]. For aqueous systems that contain sulfide compounds, a mixture has been described [262] that consists of an aqueous solution of an alcohol such as diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, butyl cellosolve, additional orthophosphoric acid, a fatty acid (from tall oil), substituted imidazoline, an ethoxylated fatty diamine (polyamines such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, etc.), and a molybdate compound. 

Most of the pollutants may be effectively removed by precipitation of metal hydroxides or carbonates using a reaction with lime, sodium hydroxide, or sodium carbonate. For some, improved removals are provided by the use of sodium sulfide or ferrous sulfide to precipitate the pollutants as sulfide compounds with very low solubilities. After soluble metals are precipitated as insoluble floes, one of the water-solid separators (such as dissolved air flotation, sedimentation, centrifugation, membrane filtration, and so on) can be used for floes removal.911 The effectiveness of pollutant removal by several different precipitation methods is summarized in Tables 5.15-5.17. 

Accurate measurements of hydrogen sulfide water levels are usually complicated by the presence of other sulfide compounds. A method of determining sulfide concentration in waste water by first transforming it to hydrogen sulfide and then measuring the atomic absorption of the product yielded results ranging from 3.1 to 5.1 ppm of sulfide sulfur (Parvinen and Lajunen 1994). Total sulfide levels in samples from the Mississippi River were about 0.92 ppm, while levels in pond and well water in St. Paul, Minnesota were 1.6 and 1.9 ppm, respectively (Slooff et al. 1991). 

Beck et al. discovered that there were two polymorphs of the carbon-sulfide compound C(yS8 20 a previously discovered planar polymorph, a, and a V-shaped polymorph, / , with the central dithiin ring angled at 133° about the C-S-C bonds <2005NJC465>. 

The readily available benzotriazolyl derivative of dimethyl sulfide, compound 821, can be alkylated on a-carbon in a stepwise manner to provide (a,a-disubstituted)alkyl thioethers 823 (Scheme 131). Hydrolysis of these thioethers under mild conditions (5% H2S04 at room temperature) furnishes ketones 824 in high yields. The anion derived from mono substituted (benzotriazol-l-yl)methyl thioether 822 adds to butyl acrylate to give intermediate 826 that can be hydrolyzed to y-ketoester 825. In another example of reactivity of a-(benzotriazol-l-yl)alkyl thioethers, treatment of thioether 822 with BunLi followed by phenyl isocyanate converts it into a-ketoanilide 828, via intermediate adduct 827 <1998JOC2110>. 

Leek and Bagander [221] determined reduced sulfide compounds (hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, carbon disulfide, dimethyl sulfide, and dimeth-yldisulfide) in water by gas chromatography using flame detection. Detection limits ranged from 0.2 ng/1 for carbon disulfide to 0.6 ng/1 for methyl mercaptan. Hydrogen sulfide was determined at the 1 ng/1 level. 

Leek and Baagander [311] determined reduced sulfide compounds in seawater by gas chromatography using a flame ionisation detector. Substances determined include methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, hydrogen sulfide and carbon disulfide. Detection limits range from 0.2ng/l (carbon disulfide) to 0.6 ng/1 (methyl mercapton). 

In reviewing the basic solubility products for these systems, the sulfide system removes the most inorganics, with the exception of arsenic, because of the low solubility of sulfide compounds. This increased removal capability is offset by the difficulty in handling the chemicals and the fact that sulfide sludges are susceptible to oxidation to sulfate when exposed to air, resulting in resolubilization of the metals. The carbonate system is a method that relies on the use of soda ash (sodium carbonate) and pH adjustment between 8.2 and 8.5. The carbonate system, although... 

Applying Concepts The tarnish on silver is silver sulfide, which is formed when the silver reacts with sulfide compounds in the environment. In this miniLAB, you will use an oxidation-reduction reaction to remove the tarnish from silver or a silver-plated object. 

Many of the salts of antimony are carcinogenic and can cause lung cancer if inhaled, as well as other cancers if ingested. This is a major hazard with the radioisotopes of antimony used in industry. Some of its sulfide compounds are explosive. 

Decomposition of propargyloxy-l,2,3,4-thiatriazole (154) resulted in almost quantitative formation of the allenyl isocyanate (156). If the same reaction was carried out in the presence of hydrogen sulfide compound (157) was obtained, clearly demonstrating propargyl cyanate (155) as... 

Solucorp Industries molecular bonding system (MBS) is a patented process that stabilizes heavy metals. The technology uses proprietary mixtures of nonhazardous chemicals to convert heavy-metal contaminants from existing reactive/leachable forms (usually oxides) into stable, insoluble, metal-sulfide compounds. The vendor states that MBS is a mobile technology that quickly treats large volumes of waste on site. 

Diethyl sulfide and diethyl disulfide are examples of sulfides found in crude oil. Sulfide compounds are low in concentration and in molecular weight. 

Amine compounds including primary amines and amine-aldehyde condensation products are commonly utilized as fuel sweetening applications. Primary amines will react with H2S to form amine sulfide compounds. These products are somewhat unstable and may tend to solubilize into water. 

SchonberglS and Gilman have reacted some carbanlons with alkylpolysulfides and have obtained various sulfide compounds. Ellerai has reacted the 2,3,4,5 tetrafluorophenyllithium with sulfur below stoichiometry and obtained thlolates. 

Solid-state sulfide compounds MMo2S4 (M = V, Cr, Fe, Co) contain infinite chains of Mo4S6 clusters with intracluster Mo-Mo distances (2.756-2.989 A) and intercluster distance (2.960 A) for the cobalt derivative (112). As the valence of M is +2, judging from magnetic measurements, and the average oxidation state of molybdenum +3, the CVE for M2Mo4S8 is 12. This agrees with five intracluster and one intercluster... 

Was this your answer No, you cannot. In fact, the odor of elemental sulfur is negligible compared with that of hydrogen sulfide. Compounds are truly different from the elements from which they are formed. Hydrogen sulfide, H2S, is as different from elemental sulfur, S8, as water, H20, is from elemental oxygen, 02. 

We have been interested in developing new routes to mesostructured metal sulfides. Our approach capitalizes on well-established solution condensation reactions that can transform discrete, soluble metal thiolate species into solid-state metal sulfide compounds. Here we wish to describe the use of (NH4)2WS4 as a precursor material in the synthesis of three mesostructured tungsten suldifes with the inorganic walls that consist of continuous WS3 chains and WS2. 

The new absorptions in the spectra of crosslinked rubber are assigned on the basis of 13C solution NMR chemical shifts for a variety of model compounds, such as pentenes and mono-, di- and tri-sulfidic compounds, by using the 13C chemical shift substituent effect. From the calculated values for particular structural units, the experimental spectra of a sulfur vulcanized natural rubber 194,195,106), natural rubber cured by accelerated sulfur vulcanization 197 y-irradiation crosslinked natural rubber198 and peroxide crosslinked natural rubber and cis-polybutadiene 193 1991 are assigned. 

Both diazomethane and diazoethane add to these Schiff bases to give the 1,5- and 1,4,5-substituted triazolines, respectively (Scheme 92).347 348 A nitro group in the para position on the diphenyl sulfone ring assists addition, but has no effect on the sulfide compounds. Also, few... 

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