Antimony trisulfide

Antimony trioxide and sodium antimonate are added to specialty glasses as decolorizing and fining agents, and are used as opacifiers in porcelain enamels. Antimony oxides are used as white pigments in paints, whereas antimony trisulfide and pentasulfide yield black, vermilHon, yeUow, and orange... 

Common methods of preparation include direct combination of metallic antimony with air or oxygen, roasting of antimony trisulfide, and alkaline hydrolysis of an antimony ttihafide and subsequent dehydration of the resulting hydrous oxide when heated too vigorously in air, some of the Sb(III) is converted to Sb(V). 

Antimony Trisulfide. Antimony(III) sulfide (antimony sesquisulftde) [1345-04-6] SbS, exists as a black crystalline soHd, stibnite [1317-86-8] and as an amorphous red to yeUow-orange powder. Stibnite melts at 550°C and has Ai i° 298 175 kJ/mol (—41.8 kcal/mol)) A°29g, 182 J/(182 mol-K) [43.5 cal/(43.5 mol-K)] for the amorphous soHd AH° 298 1 147 kJ/mol (—35.1 kcal/mol) (38). The crystal stmcture of stibnite contains two distiucdy different antimony sites and consists of two parallel Sb S chains that are linked together to form cmmpled sheets (two per unit cell). 

Amorphous Sb2S2 can be prepared by treating an SbQ solution with 442S or with sodium tliiosulfate, or by heating metallic antimony or antimony trioxide with sulfur. Antimony trisulfide is almost iasoluble ia water but dissolves ia concentrated hydrochloric acid or ia excess caustic. In the absence of air, Sb2S2 dissolves ia alkaline sulfide solutions to form the tliioantimonate(III) ion [43049-98-5], SbS 2, in the presence of air the tetratliioantimonate(V) ion [17638-29-8], SbS , is formed. The lemon-yellow crystalline salt, Na SbS 94420, known as Schhppe s salt [1317-86-8], contains the tetrahedral tetratliioantimonate(V) ion. 

Antimony trisulfide is used ia fireworks, ia certain types of matches, as a pigment, and ia the manufacture of mby glass. 

Antimon-saure, /. antimonic acid, -saureanhy-drid, n. antimonic anhydride, antimony pent-oxide. -silber, n. antimonial silver, dyscrasite. -silberblende,/. pyrargyrite. -silberglanz, m. stephanite. -spiegel, m. antimony mirror, -sulfid, n. antimony sulfide, specif, antimony pentasulfide, antimony(V) sulfide, -sulfiir, n. antimony trisulfide, antimony(III) sulfide, -yerblndung,/. antimony compound, -wasser--stoff, m. antimony hydride, stibine. -weiss, n. antimony white (Sb Oa). -zinnober, m. kermes mineral. 

The crystalline product produced by electrolytic oxidation of silver nitrate (and possibly as formulated) detonates feebly at 110°C. Mixtures with phosphorus and sulfur explode on impact, hydrogen sulfide ignites on contact and antimony trisulfide ignites when ground with the salt. 

Copper sulfide explodes with concentrated chloric acid solution (and also with cadmium, magnesium or zinc chlorates). Antimony trisulfide or arsenic trisulfide, or tin(II) and (IV) sulfides react incandescently with concentrated solutions. 

Metal sulfides MRH Antimony trisulfide 2.34/39, silver sulfide 1.38/62... 

Many metal sulfides when mixed intimately with metal halogenates form heat-, impact- or friction-sensitive explosive mixtures [1], That with antimony trisulfide can be initiated by a spark [2] and with silver sulfide a violent reaction occurs on heating [3], For the preparation of oxygen mixture , antimony trisulfide was used in error instead of manganese dioxide, and dining grinding, the mixture of sulfide and chlorate exploded very violently [4],... 

Antimony trisulfide, carbon disulfide vapour, chromium(II) sulfide and hydrogen sulfide all ignite in contact with fluorine at ambient temperature, the solids becoming incandescent [1]. Iron(II) sulfide reacts violently on mild warming, and barium sulfide, potassium sulfide or zinc sulfide all incandesce in the gas, as does molybdenum(III) sulfide at 200°C [2],... 

Mixtures of potassium nitrate with antimony trisulfide [1], barium sulfide, calcium sulfide, germanium monosulfide or titanium disulfide all explode on heating [2]. The mixture with arsenic disulfide is detonable, and addition of sulfur gives a pyrotechnic composition [2], Mixtures with molybdenum disulfide are also detonable [3], Interaction with sulfides in molten mixtures is violent [4],... 

Mixtures of the oxide with sulfur or antimony trisulfide explode on grinding in a mortar. Dry hydrogen sulfide ignites, and sometimes feebly explodes, over thallium oxide. 

The third class, Class III, contained those mixtures exhibiting the greatest extent of reaction. Included in this class were Sb203, Sb°(metal), Bi°(metal), bismuth trioxide (B i 2 0 3) and antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3). These data are summarized and compared to those from the simple PP/DBDPO mixture in Table VII. 

Antimony tris(isooctylthioglycolate), for PVC polymers, 25 671 Antimony trisulfide, 3 57, 64—65 Antimussol, commercial defoamer,... 

Ammonium sulfide, 4577 Antimony trisulfide, 4906 Barium sulfide, 0218 Bismuth trisulfide, 0234... 

The head of a safety match is a mixture of antimony trisulfide (Sb S ) and an oxidizing agent (potassium chlorate (KCIO ). Red phosphorous is placed on the tip so that when it is struck against a rough surface, it ignites with enough flame to ignite the other chemicals in the head and then burn the wood match. 

Antimony trisulfide TSb " + 3S. Antimony trisulfide is better known as the mineral stib-nite and is used as a yellow paint pigment and in the manufacture of ruby glass, fireworks, and matches. It is also used to make percussion caps that set off explosives. 

Compounds Antimony trioxide antimony trisulfide antimony trichloride antimony pen-toxide antimony pentasulfide antimony pen-tachloride... 

Antimony trisulfide Fine aluminium Barium nitrate Dextrin... 

The charcoal, or rather the coated charcoal, contributes to the fountain effect as does the gunpowder and aluminium by processes such as those described above. The flitter aluminium has a rather coarser particle structure than does the fine aluminium so that sparks from the former are longer lived and can survive a greater drop-height. Antimony trisulfide is commonly used to enhance the glittering effect in a series of chemical reactions with the gunpowder and aluminium. 

In production, gerbs are pressed to varying degrees depending on the thrust required, and have a depression within the choke to produce a rapid pressure rise on ignition. Antimony trisulfide can be used in place of charcoal when a more compact, whitish flame is required. 

The compound is made commercially by converting antimony trisulfide to tetrathioantimonate by boiling with sulfur in caustic soda solution ... 

Antimony pentasulfide reacts with caustic soda forming soluble sodium thioantimonate, Na3SbS4. It is sparingly soluble in sodium antimonate, NaSbOs. It forms a yellow solution with ammonia, and leaves a residue of antimony trisulfide, Sb2S3 and sulfur. 

SbCb is prepared by reaction of chlorine with antimony, antimony trioxide or antimony trisulfide. It also may be made by treating antimony trioxide with concentrated hydrochloric acid. 

Antimony trisulfide occurs in nature primarily as the mineral, stibnite, which consists of two parallel Sb4Se chains hnked together. It is used in fireworks in certain types of safety matches as a pigment in paints and in the manufacture of ruby glass. 

All these above preparative methods yield amorphous antimony trisulfide. Reactions... 

Sodium antimonate and thioantimonate are formed when a mixture of antimony trisulfide and sulfur are added to an excess boiling aqueous caustic soda solution ... 

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