Sulfide sulfur

Manufacture. Ammonium thiosulfate has been produced by the reaction of ammonium sulfite with sulfur, sulfides, or polysulfides ... 

Schwefel-. of sulfur, sulfur, sulfuric, sulfide of, thio-. siilfo-. -abdruck, m. sulfiir print, -alkali, n. alkali siilfide. -alkohol, m. siilfur alcohol, thiol carbon disulfide (old name), -ammonium, -ammon, n. ammonium sulfide, -antlmon, n. antimony sulfide, -antimonblei, n, antimony lead sulfide (Min.) boulanger-ite. 

Micro-XRD and micro-XANES analyses showed that the earliest stage of sulfide alteration is marked by the progressive oxidation of sulfide-S to sulfate-S that is then rapidly leached out from the system. Sulfide oxidation starts from particle rims or from intra-grain microfractures and is accompanied by a progressive loss of sulfur sulfides are then pseudomorphically replaced by goethite and minor bemalite. In addition to sulfides, many gangue silicates are efficiently altered and only quartz is preserved within the altered layers. 

Total sulfur Pyritic sulfur Sulfate sulfur Sulfide sulfur Organic sulfur... 

The electrochemical behavior of sulfur, sulfide (H8 , S ) and polysulfide ions in water is much less documented than for nonaqueous solvents. Experimental studies are less numerous and do not include a systematic study versus the stoichiometry n of polysulfides M28 . The conclusions of these investigations are often speculative, since the experimental curves do not display strong evidence for chemical species involved in the proposed mechanisms. Moreover, the very low solubility of sulfur in water does not allow the study of its electrochemical reduction in water. 

Floatability is a- surface phenomenon and some solids are more easily floatable (such as sulfur, sulfides of the metals, graphite) than others (such as oxides, silicates, silica). 

Numerous ways have been proposed to explain a net loss of molecular oxygen. Oxidation of volcanic gases, ferrous iron, sulfur, sulfide, and manganese, and the accretion of hydrogen from the solar wind are among these. Such processes are sometimes referred to as oxygen sinks. Estimates by Holland (1962) indicate that the net gam and net loss over geologic time are essentially in balance. 

Stars which contain aluminum are known as electric stars because of the dazzling brilliancy of their light, which resembles that of an electric arc. Stars which contain chlorate and sulfur or antimony sulfide or arsenic sulfide or picric acid are dangerous to mix, likely to explode if subjected to too sudden shock, and unsafe for use in shells. They are used in rockets and Roman candles. Perchlorate compositions, and chlorate compositions without sulfur, sulfides, and picric acid, will tolerate considerable shock and are used in aerial bombshells. 

Many chlorate mixtures, particularly those which contain sulfur, sulfides, and picric acid, are extremely sensitive to blows and to friction. In the Street explosives, later called Cheddites because they were manufactured at Chedde in France, the chlorate is phlegmatized by means of castor oil, a substance which appears to have remarkable powers in this respect. The French Commission des Substances Explosives in 1897 commenced its first investigation of these explosives by a study of those which are listed below, and concluded 35 that their sensitivity to shock is... 

Unlike many other type of radical addition reactions, the product is most often an alkyl-cobalt(III) species capable of further manipulation. These product Co—C bonds have been converted in good yields to carbon-oxygen (alcohol, acetate), carbon-nitrogen (oxime, amine), carbon-halogen, carbon-sulfur (sulfide, sulfinic acid) and carbon-selenium bonds (equations 179 and 180)354. Exceptions to this rule are the intermolecular additions to electron-deficient olefins, in which the putative organocobalt(III) species eliminates to form an a,/ -unsaturated carbonyl compound or styrene353 or is reduced (under electrochemical conditions) to the alkane (equation 181)355. 

This reaction leads to the production of sulfide species, such as H2S (hydrogen sulfide), I IS (bisulfide), and 82 (sulfide ion), which are the most reduced forms of sulfur. Sulfides are toxic most popularly known is H2S, which forms in rotten eggs and gives them their characteristic pungent odor. Sulfides are also important in causing the chemical precipitation of many metals, such as iron, copper, lead, and zinc, which form solids (such as FeS, CuS, PbS, ZnS) on reaction with S2. ... 

The INCO, Thompson plant in Manitoba, Canada, electrolyzes 240 kg sulfide anodes in a sulfate-chloride electrolyte. The approximate composition of the electrolyte is 60 g L x Ni2+, 95 g L 1 SC>42, 35 g L 1 Na+, 60 g L 1 Cl-, and 16 g L 1 H3BO4, and the temperature is 60 °C. Nickel, cobalt, and copper dissolve from the anode, while sulfur, selenium, and the noble metals form an insoluble sludge or slime, from which they can be recovered. The anode sludge contains 95% elemental sulfur, sulfide sulfur, nickel, copper, iron, selenium, and precious metals. Nickel is deposited on to pure nickel starting sheets. The anode cycle is 15 days and the cathode cycle is 5 to 10 days. Electrolysis is carried out at a current density of 240 A m-2 giving a cell voltage of 3 to 6 V [44, 46]. 

Selenium is quite rare (9 X 10 % of the earth s crust). It occurs mainly as an impurity in sulfur, sulfide, and sulfate deposits. It is obtained from the flue dusts that result from roasting sulfide ores and from the anode mud formed in the electrolytic refining of copper. It is used as a red coloring in glass. The gray crystalline allotropic form of selenium has an electrical conductivity that is very light-sensitive, so it is used in photocopy machines and in solar cells. 

Licht S. and Manassen J. (1986a), The high aqueous solubility of K2S and its effect on bulk and photoelectrochemical characteristics of Cd(SeTe)/S/ cells. 11. Variation of sulfur/sulfide ratio , J. Electrochem. Soc. 133, 277-280. 

The average content of selenium in soil forming rocks (dark) is about 0.3 ppm. The elevated contents of Se occur in some sedimentary rocks (sandstone, shale), volcanic sulfur, sulfides and phosphorites. The contents of this trace element in most soil types are between 0.01 and 1.0 ppm. Chernozems, Kastanozems, Serozems and Floodplain soils are relatively more enriched, 0.3-1.0 ppm, and Podsoluvisols and Arenosols are relatively depleted, 0.05-0.2 ppm. 

Sulfur/sulfide oxidizing bacteria (e g., Thiobacillus) Aerobic Oxidize sulfide (S2-) to elemental sulfur (S), sulfide to sulfate (SO4 ), or sulfur to sulfate. Strains that produce sulfate (e g., Thiobacillus) create sulfuric acid (H2S04) H+ (lower pH)... 

Content of Sulfur Sulfides Sulfates Phosphates Chlorides Iron Copper Zinc Calcium Magnesium Silica... 

Tetragonal crystals (rutile structure). Insol in water, nitric or cold sulfuric acid slowly dissolves in cold HC1 with evolution of Clji in presence of hydrogen peroxide or oxalic acid it dissolves in dil HjS04 or HNOj. Caution Manganese dioxide is a strong oxidizer, hence it should not be heated or rubbed with organic matter or other oxidizable substances, e.g., sulfur, sulfides, phosphides, hypophosphites, etc. LD i.v. in rabbits 45 mg/kg, Handbook of Toxicology, Vol. 1, W. S. Spector, Ed. (Saunders, Philadelphia, 1956) pp 182-183. 

Sulfides are produced as a result of sulfate reduction and dissimilation of sulfur-containing amino acids (see Chapter 11 on sulfur). Sulfide has been implicated as one of the key regulators of plant growth in coastal marshes, especially in soil with low mineral matter (such as organic soils) (DeLaune et al., 1983). Oxidation of sulfides in the rhizosphere has been considered as the major mechanism allowing plants to tolerate relatively high levels of sulfides. At sulfide concentrations of... 

The concentrations of H2S, HS , and were used to calculate the total —2 valence sulfur (sulfide) concentrations according to the following... 

Chemical spelling—Small differences may mean entirely different compounds. Example chloride, chlorite, chlorate, perchlorate. Mistaking one for the other may have fatal consequences Sulfur, sulfide, sulfuric acid, etc. have yielded to modernized spelling f in lieu of ph. 

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