Ammonium sulfide compounds

Organic compounds normally cause Htde or no corrosion of magnesium. Tanks or other containers of magnesium alloys are used for phenol [108-95-2] methyl bromide [74-96 ] and phenylethyl alcohol [60-12-8]. Most alcohols cause no more than mild attack, but anhydrous methanol attacks magnesium vigorously with the formation of magnesium methoxide [109-88-6]. This attack is inhibited by the addition of 1% ammonium sulfide [12135-76-1] or the presence ofwater. 

If pure isomers are required, the ortho and meta compounds can be prepared by indirect methods. o-Nitrotoluene can be obtained by treating 2,4-dinitrotoluene with ammonium sulfide followed by diazotization and boiling with ethanol. / -Nitrotoluene can be prepared from -toluidine by acetylation, nitration deacetylation, diazotization, and boiling with ethanol. A fairly pure -nitrotoluene, which has been isolated from the isomeric mixture, can be purified further by repeated crystallization. 

C03-0063. Which of the following compounds are ionic Write the formula of each compound, (a) hydrogen fluoride (b) calcium fluoride (c) aluminum sulfate (d) ammonium sulfide (e) sulfur dioxide and (f) carbon tetrachloride. 

Tertiary and aromatic nitroso compounds are not readily accessible consequently not many reductions have been tried. Nitrosobenzene was converted to azobenzene by lithium aluminum hydride (yield 69%) [592], and o-nitrosobiphenyl to carbazole, probably via a hydroxylamino intermediate, by treatment with triphenylphosphine or triethyl phosphite (yields 69% and 76%, respectively) [298]. Nitrosothymol was transformed to amino-thymol with ammonium sulfide (yield 73-80%) [245], and a-nitroso-/J-naphthol to a-amino-/J-naphthol with sodium hydrosulfite (yield 66-74%) [255]. 

Furthermore, aromatic nitro compounds may be reduced to hydroxylamines by tita-nium(in) chloride or ammonium sulfide ", as well as by electrochemical reduction . 

The goal of this contribution is to review the formation of at least some of these compounds in model systems (consisting of aldehydes, acetoin, and ammonium sulfide), their identification, and analytical characterization (mass spectra, Kov ts indices) accomplished by using the GC-MS-SPECMA data bank. 

R - Pr, /-Pr) were obtained from the corresponding aldehydes (butyraldehydes, isobutyraldehyde) and ammonium sulfide, in the presence or in the absence of acetoin (29), while no such compounds were identified with methional and ammonium sulfide as the starting materials. Similarly, the higher aldehydes did not lead to the desired heterocycles, except for isovaleraldehyde (35),... 

The symmetrical compounds (17, R = R = R ) are formed from an aldehyde and ammonium sulfide (2,29,35) or hydrogen sulfide and ammonia (33), Thialdine (17, R - R - R = Me) is an important aroma compound found in the volatiles of beef broth (48), pressure-cooked meat (49), and fried chicken (50), It is also obtained from acetaldehyde (2,29,37) or from B-mercaptoacetaldehyde and ammonium sulfide (37), In our experiments, it was synthesized as a white powder from a reaction of acetaldehyde with ammonium sulfide in 60% yield. 

Hwang and co-workers (37) confirmed 2-butyl-3,5-dipropylpyridine and 2-pentyl-3,5-dihydropyridine and their dihydro derivatives after the reaction of valeraldehyde and caproaldehyde in the presence of ammonium sulfide, respectively. These compounds were also obtained in the presence of acetaldehyde. 

Reactions of Acetoin and Aldehydes with Ammonium Sulfide. This reaction leads to the various substituted oxazolines, thiazolin-es, and Imidazolines. Additional heterocyclic systems identified in this reaction include thiophenes and pyrazines. All these products are important aroma compounds in the food industry. 

As mentioned before, the sensory properties of the various heterocyclic compounds discussed in this contribution are one of the important factors determining food quality. The data on sensory characteristics of the various numerous compounds formed through the reaction of aldehydes with ammonia or ammonium sulfide, in the presence or in the absence of acetoin, are scattered in the literature (57) and thus are not easy to find. At the same time, information on sensory characteristics of compounds of this type is of primary importance to food chemists. Sultan (29) has compiled much of this information which is presented here in Table IV where also the appropriate references to the original literature are given. 

Scheme 3. New five-membered ring heterocyclic compounds predicted from the acetoin-ammonium sulfide model system.

Compound Name Ammonium Hydroxide Hexamethylenetetramine Ammonium Acetate Ammonium Bifluoride Ammonium Sulfamate Ammonium Sulfamate Ammonium Benzoate Ammonium Bicarbonate Ammonium Dichromate Ammonium Bifluoride Ammonium Carbonate Ammonium Chloride Ammonium Citrate Ammonium Citrate Ammonium Pentaborate Ammonium Dichromate Nickel Ammonium Sulfate Ferric Ammonium Citrate Ferric Ammonium Oxalate Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate Ammonium Fluoride Ammonium Silicofluoride Ammonium Formate Ammonium Gluconate Ammonium Bicarbonate Ammonium Bifluoride Ammonium Sulfide Ammonium Hydroxide Ammonium Thiosulfate Ammonium Thiosulfate Ammonium Iodide Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate Ammonium Lactate Ammonium Lactate Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate Ammonium Molybdate Ammonium Chloride Nickel Ammonium Sulfate Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium Nitrate-Urea Solution Ammonium Oleate... 

Compound Name Ammonium Oxalate Ammonium Oxalate Ammonium Pentaborate Ammonium Pentaborate Zinc Ammonium Chloride Ammonium Perchlorate Ammonium Persulfate Ammonium Persulfate Ammonium Phosphate Ammonium Phosphate Ammonium Thiocyanate Ammonium Thiocyanate Ammonium Silicofluoride Ammonium Stearate Ammonium Sulfamate Ammonium Sulfate Ammonium Sulfide Ammonium Sulfide Ammonium Sulfide Ammonium Sulfite Ammonium Thiocyanate Ammonium Thiocyanate Ammonium Tartrate Ammonium Thiocyanate Ammonium Thiosulfate Zinc Ammonium Chloride Phosphorus, Red Ammonium Sulfamate Amyl Acetate Amyl Acetate N-Amyl Alcohol N-Amyl Alcohol Valeraldehyde Hexanol... 

Nickel(II) sulfide, precipitated from Ni2 solutions by ammonium sulfide, may show quite a little departure from stoichiometric composition. Like iron(II) and cobalt(II) FeS and CoS. it has in crystal form an electrical conductivity and other properties similar to a metal or alloy. There is no conclusive evidence that N12S3 can be prepared, but MS2 is known and believed to be, like FeS , a compound of Ni2+ and the S-.2 ion. 

Reduction of 2-nitrobenzo[6]thiophene with ethanolic ammonium sulfide gives thiooxindole.84 Reduction of other nitro compounds to the corresponding amines is discussed in Section VI, F. 

Aminobenzo[6]thiophene is prepared from 7-hydroxybenzo[6]-thiophene by means of the Bucherer reaction it may be converted into 7-nitrobenzo[6]thiophene via the diazonium salt.84 5,7-Diamino-3-phenylbenzo[6]thiophene and its 2-carboxylic acid are prepared by reduction of the corresponding dinitro compound.334 Partial reduction of o,7-dinitro-3-phenylbenzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid with ethanolic ammonium sulfide affords 7-amino-5-nitro-3-phenylbenzo-[6]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid, the amino group of which may be replaced by hydrogen or iodine via the diazonium salt.334 7-Amino-4-methoxybenzo[6]thiophene is mentioned in the patent literature.560... 

Strong acids and strong bases are corrosive substances that exhibit extremes of pH. They are destructive to materials and flesh. Strong acids can react with cyanide and sulfide compounds to release highly toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN) or hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gases, respectively. Bases liberate noxious ammonia gas (NH3) from solid ammonium compounds. 

Solutions of ferrous and ferric compounds yield a black precipitate with ammonium sulfide TS. This precipitate is dissolved by cold 2.7 N hydrochloric acid with the evolution of hydrogen sulfide. 

A reaction of 4-nitro-l,2-phenylendiamine with benzotrichloride in the presence of sodium methylate [367] has been described. In this case 2-phenyl-5(6)-nitroben-zimidazole is obtained without preliminary extraction of the ortho-ester of benzoic acid. Sometimes acylated polynitroanilines, with one of the groups in the orthoposition to the amino group, are used as the initial products. On partial reduction of such compounds the cyclization to benzimidazoles takes place [85, 368], For example, the reduction of 2,4-dinitroacetanilyde with ammonium sulfide has afforded 2-methyl-5(6)-nitrobenzimidazole (Scheme 2.41) [85],... 

Write formulas for the following compounds (a) ammonium chloride, (b) ammonium sulfide, and (c) ammonium phosphate. 

Evidence for the existence of PoS is much stronger. Aqueous solutions in HCl containing Po and Po yield a precipitate of PoS. During the course of this reaction, Po is reduced to Po with the concurrent oxidation of sulfide to free sulfur. The same sulfide can be prepared by the reaction between polonium hydroxide and ammonium sulfide. The compound has not been successfully prepared by the direct reaction between the elements. 

Partial reduction of aromatic polynitro compounds leads to nitro amines. The most successful reagents are the alkali metal or ammonium sulfides in aqueous alcoholIn some instances, sodium bicarbonate combined with sodium sulfide gives better results because of the formation of sodium hydrosulfide, which is believed to be the main reducing agent. Also, aqueous methanol is preferred to aqueous ethanol. Nitro compounds that are sparingly soluble in alcohol solutions may be reduced by hydrogen sulfide in pyridine solution. ... 

The pentasulfido complex reacts with tertiary phosphines to give dimers [Ti(MeCp)2]2Sj, (x = 4 and 6). The pentasulfido complex also gives heterocycles of the type Ti(MeCp)2S4CR2 when treated with ammonium sulfide in the presence of certain alkylating agents. In fact, the Me2CS4 chelate is a minor side product in the synthesis of Ti(MeCp)2Sj. The compound Ti(MeCp)2S5 reacts with electrophilic acetylenes to give dithiolenes... 

If the compound contains a polyatomic ion, simply name the ion. The name of the compound that contains the sodium cation and the polyatomic hydroxide anion, NaOH, is sodium hydroxide. The compound (NH4)2S is ammonium sulfide. 

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