Metal solid-state

Hillman, J., et al., Integrated CVD Titanium and Titanium Nitride Processes for Sub-0.5 im Metallization, Solid State Technology, pp. 147-152 (July 1995)... 

The possibility of measuring the Volta potential in the system metal-solid-state electrolyte and using the data obtained to determine ionic components of the free lattice energy has been shown in our papers. Earlier, Copeland and Seifert measured the Volta potential between Ag and solid AgNOj in the temperature range between 190 and 280 °C. They investigated the potential jump during the phase transition from solid to liquid salt. 

In Leipzig, Slater pursued the application of wave mechanics to electrons in simple molecules ("quantum chemistry") and in metals ("solid-state physics"). He wrote Percy Bridgman,... 

Polyanions of Group 14 and Group 15 Elements in Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Solid State Compounds and Solvate Structures... 

T. J. Bastow and S. Celotto, Temperature variation of the Knight shift for Mg in magnesium metal. Solid State Commun., 1999,110, 271-273. 

P. Ettmayer and W. Lengauer. Nitrides Transition Metal Solid State Chemistry. In Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, R.B. King, Ed., (John Wiley Sons, Chichester, 1994), 2498. 

Fray, D.J. (1996) The use of solid electrolytes as sensors for applications in molten metals, Solid State Ionics 86/8, 1045-54. 

Microstructurally, alloys are composed of alloy constituents that include alloy phases and, in some cases, unalloyed metals. Crystalline alloy phases can be subdivided into intermetallic phases, metal-nonmetal compounds such as borides or carbides see Borides Solid-state Chemistry Carbides Transition Metal Solid-state Chemistry), and terminal or complete solid solutions. 

Borides Sohd-state Chemistry Carbides Transition Metal Solid-state Chemistry Electronic Structure of Sohds Quasicrystals Structure Property Maps for Inorganic Solids Superconductivity Zintl Compounds. 

Carbides Transition Metal Solid-state Chemistry... 

Based in part on the article Carbides Transition Metal Solid State Chemistry by Peter Ettmayer Walter Lengauer which appeared in the Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, First Edition. 

The stmeture of transition metal carbides are closely related to those of the transition metal nitrides. However, transition metal carbides feature generally simpler stmeture elements as compared to the nitrides. In carbides, the metal atoms are arranged in such a way that they form close-packed arrangements of metal layers with a hexagonal (h) or cubic (c) stacking sequence or with a mixtme of these (see Nitrides Transition Metal Solid-state Chemistry). The carbon atoms in these phases occupy the octahedral interstitial sites. A crystallochemical rule claims that the phases of pure h type can have a maximum carbon content of [C]/[T] = 1/2 and the c type phases a maximum carbon content of [C]/[T] = 1 hence in stractures with layer sequences comprising h and c stractme elements the maximum nonmetal content follows suit. 

An extensive compilation of the crystal structures of transition metal carbides is found in Pearson s Handbook. Ward has discussed the structures of carbides extensively. Epicier and de Novion have suimnarized the results of investigations on ordering in transition metal carbides. Lengauer recently reviewed the knowledge on transition metal carbides and carbonitrides. For a comparison of close-packed transition metal carbides with close-packed transition nitrides, see Nitrides Transition Metal Solid-state Chem istry. 

CARBIDES TRANSITION METAL SOLID-STATE CHEMISTRY... 

Transition metal carbides have generally a significantly lower thermal conductivity than isotypic transition metal nitrides. Some values are given in Table 1 and a comparison between these two groups is given in the article on (see Nitrides Transition Metal Solid-state Chemistry) as a function of temperature. 

Carbides Transition Metal Solid-state Chemistry Carbon FuUerenes Carbonyl Complexes of the Transition Metals Carbonylation Processes by Homogeneons Catalysis Cyanide Complexes of the Transition Metals Intercalation Chemistry. 

Chromium nitrides have been prepared by several routes heating of chromium metal in N2, reaction of chromium borides with NH3, and heating of CrCly in gaseous NH3. The two stable nitrides have the composition Cr2N and CrN see Nitrides Transition Metal Solid-state Chemistry). At very high temperatures, both decompose into the constituent elements (CrN, > 1425 °C CryN, >700 °C). CrN is very stable chemically, while CryN dissolves in dilute acid with liberation OfH2. 

Interpolation or intercalation (see Intercalation Chemistry) is said to occur when additional species are placed into a host stmcture to change either composition or properties. At one extreme, intercalation can refer to the insertion of gnest molecnles into cage stmctures such as that of the zeolites (see Zeolites), or between the layers of laminated compounds snch as the clays (see Silicon Inorganic Chemistry). At the other extreme, the insertion of small atoms snch as C or N into metal phases to form interstitial alloys (see Alloys Carbides Transition Metal Solid-state Chemistry Nitrides Transition Metal Solid-state Chemistry), is inclnded in the category. A large variety of stmctures can be found in snch materials, and... 

Alloys Borates Solid-state Chemistry Carbides Transition Metal Solid-state Chemistry Chalcogenides Solid-state Chemistry Diffraction Methods in Inorganic Chemistry Electronic Structure of Solids Fluorides Solid-state Chemistry Halides Solid-state Chemistry Intercalation Chemistry Ionic Conductors Magnetic Oxides Magnetism of Extended Arrays in Inorganic Solids Nitrides Transition Metal Solid-state Chemistry Noncrystalline Solids Oxide Catalysts in Solid-state Chemistry Oxides Solid-state Chemistry Quasicrystals Semiconductor Interfaces Solids Characterization by Powder Diffraction Solids Computer Modeling Superconductivity Surfaces. 

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