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Spacers

Separating and joining the hydrophobic/oleophobic tail and the hydrophilic group of the fluorinated surfactant is the critical organic linking group, often called the spacer [2-6]. Perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) surfactants such as perfluoroalkyl [Pg.8]

In the case of thiols, the Au-S-C angle can vary according to S hybridization it holds around 180° or 104° in the case of sp and sp hybridization, respectively. The sp configuration seems to be energetically favored, though such a conclusion is still dubious [48]. [Pg.116]


The chemistry of cement slurries is complex. Additives will be used to ensure the slurry remains pumpable long enough at the prevailing downhole pressures and temperatures but sets (hardens) quickly enough to avoid unnecessary delays in the drilling of the next hole section. The cement also has to attain sufficient compressive strength to withstand the forces exerted by the formation over time. A spacer fluid is often pumped ahead of the slurry to clean the borehole of mudcake and thereby achieve a better cement bond between formation and cement. [Pg.56]

Long Spacer Detector Short Spacer Detector Radioactive Source Bore Hole... [Pg.145]

The most common solvent employed is carbon dioxide gas, which can be injected between water spacers, a process known as WaterAlternating Gas (WAG). In most commercial schemes the gas is recovered and reinjected, sometimes with produced reservoir gas, after heavy hydrocarbons have been removed. Other solvents include nitrogen and methane. [Pg.358]

Forbes M D E 1993 The effect of n-system spacers on exchange couplings and end-to-end encounter rates in flexible biradicals J. Phys. Chem. 97 3396-400... [Pg.1621]

Elbert R, Laschewsky A and Ringsdorf H 1985 Hydrophilic spacer groups in polymerizable lipids— formation of biomembrane models from bulk polymerized lipids J. Am. Ohem. Soc. 107 4134-41... [Pg.2634]

Biddle M B, Lando J B, Ringsdorf H, Schmidt G and Schneider J 1988 Polymeric amphiphiles with hydrophilic main chain spacers—studies in monolayers and Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers Oollold Polymer Scl. 266 806-13... [Pg.2634]

Schneider J, Erdelen C, Ringsdorf H and Rabolt J F 1989 Structural studies of polymers with hydrophilic spacer groups. 2. Infrared-spectroscopy of Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers of polymers with fluorocarbon side-chains at ambient and elevated temperatures Macromolecules 22 3475-80... [Pg.2634]

This identifier will be echoed in the output file. The third line is a spacer or a second comment line, and the fourth line identifies the atom (in either upper or lower case). [Pg.281]

Copper(I) tends towards a tetrahedral coordination geometry in complexes. With 2,2 -bipyr-idine as a chelate ligand a distorted tetrahedral coordination with almost orthogonal ligands results. 2,2 -Bipyridine oligomers with flexible 6,6 -links therefore form double helices with two 2,2 -bipyridine units per copper(I) ion (J. M. Lehn, 1987,1988). J. M. Lehn (1990 U. Koert, 1990) has also prepared such helicates with nucleosides, e.g., thymidine, covalently attached to suitable spacers to obtain water-soluble double helix complexes, so-called inverted DNA , with internal positive charges and external nucleic bases. Cooperative effects lead preferentially to two identical strands in these helicates when copper(I) ions are added to a mixture of two different homooligomers. [Pg.345]

There are several forms of electrophoresis. In slab gel electrophoresis the conducting buffer is retained within a porous gel of agarose or polyacrylamide. Slabs are formed by pouring the gel between two glass plates separated by spacers. Typical thicknesses are 0.25-1 mm. Gel electrophoresis is an important technique in biochemistry, in which it is frequently used for DNA sequencing. Although it is a powerful tool for the qualitative analysis of complex mixtures, it is less useful for quantitative work. [Pg.597]

Thermal Insulation. In addition to their low thermal conductivity, as discussed in the section above, siUca aerogels can be prepared to be highly transparent in the visible spectmm region. Thus, they are promising materials as superinsulating window-spacer. To take further advantage of its... [Pg.6]

Fig. 25. OxyTech MGC electroly2er a, membrane b, anode assembly c, manifold spacer d, anolyte outlet e, catholyte outlet f, bulkhead g, brine inlet h, NaOH inlet i, insulating channel j, bulkhead insulator k, interface material 1, cathode assembly m, interceU bus n, tie rod o, current distributor p,... Fig. 25. OxyTech MGC electroly2er a, membrane b, anode assembly c, manifold spacer d, anolyte outlet e, catholyte outlet f, bulkhead g, brine inlet h, NaOH inlet i, insulating channel j, bulkhead insulator k, interface material 1, cathode assembly m, interceU bus n, tie rod o, current distributor p,...
Safety, Pollution, and Conservation Energy Eeview (Spacer) for Munitions Plant Modernisation, ARLCD-SP-77001, ARDEC, Dover, N.J., 1977. [Pg.28]

Aromatic perfluoroaLkylation can be effected by fluorinated aUphatics via different techniques. One category features copper-assisted coupling of aryl hahdes with perfluoroalkyl iodides (eg, CF I) (111,112) or difluoromethane derivatives such as CF2Br2 (Burton s reagent) (113,114), as well as electrochemical trifluoromethylation using CF Br with a sacrificial copper anode (115). Extmsion of spacer groups attached to the fluoroalkyl moiety, eg,... [Pg.320]

In the constmction industry, ceUular polymers are used as spacers and sealant strips in windows, doors, and closures of other types, as weU as for backup strips for other sealants. [Pg.417]

Fig. 7. Cross section of Sierracin windshield used on Boeing 747 (32) A, 2.2-mm chemically strengthened glass B, Sierracote 3 conductive coating C, 1.9-mm PVB D, 23-mm stretched acryflc E, 1.3-mm PVB F, laminated cloth spacer ring G, 23-mm stretched acryflc H, 0.6-mm PVB and I, 3.0-mm... Fig. 7. Cross section of Sierracin windshield used on Boeing 747 (32) A, 2.2-mm chemically strengthened glass B, Sierracote 3 conductive coating C, 1.9-mm PVB D, 23-mm stretched acryflc E, 1.3-mm PVB F, laminated cloth spacer ring G, 23-mm stretched acryflc H, 0.6-mm PVB and I, 3.0-mm...
An expandable anode involves compression of the anode stmcture using cHps during cell assembly so as not to damage the diaphragm already deposited on the cathode (Eig. 3a). When the cathode is in position on the anode base, 3-mm diameter spacers are placed over the cathode and the cHps removed from the anode. The spring-actuated anode surfaces then move outward to bear on the spacers, creating a controlled 3-mm gap between anode and cathode (Eig. 3b). This design has also been appHed to cells for the production of sodium chlorate (22). [Pg.122]

Another nonregenerative drying appHcation for molecular sieves is their use as an adsorbent for water and solvent in dual-pane insulated glass windows. The molecular sieve is loaded into the spacer frame used to separate the panes. Once the window has been sealed, low hydrocarbon and water dew points are maintained within the enclosed space for the lifetime of the unit. Consequently, no condensation or fogging occurs within this space to cloud the window. [Pg.456]

By contrast, uranium fuels for lightwater reactors fall between these extremes. A typical pressurized water reactor (PWR) fuel element begins life at an enrichment of about 3.2% and is discharged at a bum-up of about 30 x 10 MW-d/t, at which time it contains about 0.8 wt % and about 1.0 wt % total plutonium. Boiling water reactor (BWR) fuel is lower in both initial enrichment and bum-up. The uranium in LWR fuel is present as oxide pellets, clad in zirconium alloy tubes about 4.6 m long. The tubes are assembled in arrays that are held in place by spacers and end-fittings. [Pg.204]


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1,6-diaminohexane, spacer molecules

3,3 - dibenzoic spacer

6-aminocaproic acid, spacer molecules

A Dramatic Improvement - Use of 1,3-Phenylene Spacer Between the Coordinating Units

AT spacers

Acetylene spacer

Acid-sensitive spacers

Acyclic spacers

Adsorption spacer layers

Affinity chromatography spacer arms

Affinity spacer

Affinity spacer arms

Aliphatic "spacers

Alkyl Chain spacer

Alkyl spacer

Ambiphilic ligands featuring benzyl spacers

Ambiphilic ligands featuring ortho-phenylene spacers

Amine spacer

Aminoethylthioacetyl spacer

Anthracene spacer

Antistatic spacers

Aromatic spacer

Aromatic spacers

Baffles spacer

Benzenoid spacer

Benzyl spacers

Bifunctional spacers

Biotinylation reagents importance of spacer arm

Butadiyne Moieties as Spacers and Framework

Catenane spacers

Cell spacer

Ceramic-based spacers

Chain Polymetallocenes with Short Spacer Groups

Chain-spacer interactions, dimers

Chiral spacers

Complex Immobilization via Spacers

Conformation of the spacer

Conjugated spacers

Cychc spacers

Cyclobutoxy spacer

Decamethylene spacer

Descriptors to Characterize Properties of Substituents and Spacers

Diamine spacer

Dibenzofuran spacer. Pacman

Dielectric spacer

Dielectric spacers

Donor-spacer-acceptor system

Edge spacer

Effect of Spacer Arm Length

Effect of Spacer Construction on Dose Delivery

Effect of spacer length

Enzyme spacer effect

Ethylene oxide spacers

Ethylene spacers

External transcribed spacer

Flexibilizing spacers

Flexible Spacer Effects

Flexible spacer

Flexible spacer conformation

Flexible spacer group

Flexible spacer nature/length

Flexible spacers, characteristics

Flow channel spacers

Flow channel spacers turbulence promoters

Fluorophore-spacer-receptor

Fuel assembly spacer grids

Gasket spacer

Gemini surfactants spacers

Glycolate spacer

Grid spacer

Heparin spacer groups

Hexaethylene glycol spacer

Hydrophilic spacer

Hydrophilic spacers

Hydrophobic spacers

Incorporation of flexible spacers

Increased spacer length

Inhalers spacers

Intergenic spacer

Intergenic spacer regions

Intergenic transcribed spacer

Internal transcribed spacer

Internal transcribed spacer regions

Internal transcribed spacers

Introduction of Spacer Arm

LCD spacer

Length ratio, spacers

Ligand as spacer

Long Spacer or Gluzincins Family

Lumophore-spacer-receptor

Lumophore-spacer-receptor system

Lumophore-spacer-receptor systems cations

Lumophore-spacer-receptor systems normal logic

Lumophore-spacer-receptor systems reverse logic

Lumophore-spacer-receptor systems targeted

Lumophore-spacer-receptor systems transfer

Lumophore-spacer-receptor systems usefulness

Lumophore-spacer-receptor systems with redox active guests

Lysine spacers

Main Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymers with Spacers

Main spacer, linked side chain mesogens

Manifold spacer pads

Membrane processes flow channel spacers

Membrane spacer

Metallic spacers

Metalloid Spacers

Metered dose inhalers spacer devices

Metered dose inhalers, pressurized spacer devices

Metered-dose inhaler spacers

Metered-dose inhaler with spacer devices

Methylene spacer

Nature of Flexible Spacer and its Length

Networks Containing No Flexible Spacers

Networks with Stiff Main-Chain Mesogens, Flexible spacers and Rigid Branchpoints

Odd spacers

Oligo , spacers

Oligo spacer

Oligopeptide spacers

One atom spacers

Organosilicon Spacers

Other Polymetallocenes with Short Spacers Obtained by Polycondensation Routes

Oxyethylene -type spacers

Oxyethylene spacer

Paramagnetic spacer

Particle size distribution spacer particles

Peptidyl spacer

Phenyl spacer

Phenylene spacer

Phenylene spacers

Phthalazine spacer

Polar spacer synthesis

Poly spacers

Polyethylene glycol, spacer molecules

Polymer backbones with spacer groups

Polymer spacer concept

Polymer spacer layer

Polymer with flexible spacer groups

Polymer without flexible spacer groups

Polymeric membranes spacers

Polymeric spacer

Polymeric-based spacers

Polymers Assembled by Dithioether and Polythioether Ligands Bearing Heteroelements in the Spacer Unit

Polymers with flexible spacers

Polymers, liquid crystalline spacer groups

Polymetallocenes main-chain with short spacer group

Polymetallocenes with long conjugated spacer group

Polymetallocenes with long insulating spacer group

Polymetallocenylenes and Polymetallocenes with Short Spacers Obtained by Condensation Routes

Polymethylene -type spacers

Polymethylene spacers

Polysaccharides spacer-linked

Polysiloxane spacers

Receptor,—Spacer—Receptor2 Systems

Reduction-sensitive spacers

Ribosomal spacer genes

Rigid spacer

Sacrificial spacer

Sacrificial spacer approach

Sacrificial spacer method

Sealant spacer

Sheet-flow electrodialysis spacer

Short Spacer or Metzincins Family

Side main chain spacer-linked

Sidewall spacer formation

Sidewall spacer formation process

Silicon containing spacers

Silver layers spacers

Single alkyl chain spacer

Spacer

Spacer

Spacer Knitting Machines

Spacer Layer Effect

Spacer Noncrimp Fabrics

Spacer Substituent Effects

Spacer aliphatic

Spacer arm

Spacer arm NHS-LC-fluorescein

Spacer arm SIACX

Spacer arm zero-length

Spacer arms functional groups

Spacer arms, haptens

Spacer bead defects

Spacer chain

Spacer chain catalysts

Spacer chains, chiral nematics

Spacer combined polymers

Spacer devices

Spacer devices conductivity

Spacer devices holding chambers

Spacer distribution

Spacer equipped cells

Spacer fabrics

Spacer fabrics leisure clothing

Spacer gel

Spacer group, electronic couplings

Spacer groups

Spacer groups alkyl

Spacer groups silyl

Spacer groups, supramolecular polymers

Spacer horizontal

Spacer intermediate size

Spacer ions

Spacer large volume

Spacer layer

Spacer length

Spacer length variations

Spacer length, influence

Spacer ligand

Spacer ligand design

Spacer linkages

Spacer lipid effect

Spacer modifications

Spacer modifications Specificity

Spacer molecule enzyme immobilization

Spacer molecule molecular interactions

Spacer molecules

Spacer plates

Spacer polyacrylates

Spacer polymethylene

Spacer regions

Spacer semi-flexible

Spacer shape

Spacer skeletons

Spacer small volume

Spacer spherical

Spacer strategy

Spacer systems

Spacer systems specials

Spacer technology

Spacer valves

Spacer vertical

Spacer volume

Spacer, definition

Spacer,-Receptor—Spacer2-Lumophore2 Systems

Spacer-Based tBLMs

Spacer-Receptor Systems (Reverse Logic)

Spacer-chain parity

Spacer-filled channels

Spacer-separated binding site

Spacers , gemini

Spacers SCLCP

Spacers acid-labile linkers

Spacers characteristics

Spacers charge transfer systems

Spacers coordination networks based

Spacers coordination polymers

Spacers dimers/oligomers

Spacers heterogeneous

Spacers in Boreholes Density of Blasting Explosives

Spacers length

Spacers linking types

Spacers living polymerization

Spacers long insulating, polymetallocenes

Spacers naphthalene

Spacers platinum polymers

Spacers polyene

Spacers polymers

Spacers rigid

Spacers saturated

Spacers siloxanes

Spacers steroid-type

Spacers substituted mesogens

Spacers textures

Spacers, and Fuel Blocking System

Spacers, enzyme immobilizations

Spacers, flexible

Spacers, hydrolyzable

Spacers, nonlinear optics, molecular materials

Spacers, organic

Spacer—Receptor Systems (Normal Logic)

Specifications of Spacer Devices

Subject spacer groups

Support inert spacer

Synthesis of spacer

Systems Containing Conjugated Spacers

Tetraethylene oxide spacer

Textiles spacer fabrics

The Node-and-Spacer Paradigm

The Objectives of a Spacer Device

The Optimal Spacer for Young Children

The Spacer Concept

The flexible spacer

Thermotropic spacers

Thiolipid-Spacer-Based tBLMs

Tie Rods and Spacers

Tortuous-path electrodialysis spacer

Tortuous-path spacer

Triphenylene spacer

Two-to-four atom spacers

Use of Facemasks with Spacers

Use of Spacers

Use of Spacers in Ventilated Patients

Variation of Spacer

Vexar® spacer

Virtual spacer

Warp knitting spacer structures

Warp-Knitted Spacer Fabrics

Wedged spacer layer optical interferometry

When Should a Spacer Be Used

Windows spacers

Wurster type violene-cyanine hybrid spacer

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