Spacer vertical

Figure 12.11 illustrates the throat of the spacer. Damage is localized to both sides of a 2F4-in.-long vertical opening. 

Bll. Becker, K. M., and Hernborg, G., Measurements of the effects of spacers on the burn-out conditions for flow of boiling water in a vertical annulus and a vertical 7-rod cluster, AE-165, Stockholm (1965). 

On vertical pumps equipped with mechanical seals, the coupling shall be a spacer type. The spacer shall be of snfficient length to permit replacement of the seal assembly, inclnding the sleeve, without removal of the driver. 

Figure 333 — (A) Analyte binding to antibodies immobilized onto a sensor surface (a) and electric model used to represent it (b). (B) Illustration of the concept of electrolytic capacitor (a) schematic and (b) electric description. (C) C acitance-based immunosensor (a) vertical section (b) horizontal section 1 tantalum foil 2 tantalum oxide 3 Teflon spacer 4 Teflon plates 5 metal box. (Reproduced from [234] with permission of the American Chemical Society).

Gels are prepared by free-radical bulk copolymerization. The comonomers (n-AMA and DMA at a specified molar ratio) are injected along with the crosslinker (DVB 0.1% w/w) and the initiator [2,2 -azobis(isobutyronitrile) (0.5% w/w)] between two glass plates. The glass is previously silanized by immersion for two days in a solution of dichlorodimethylsilane (2% v/v) in toluene. The plates are separated by Teflon spacers of specified thickness, and the whole assembly is held together by metal damps. Polymerization is accomplished by incubating the assembly in the vertical position under argon at 60 °C for 18 h. 

In 1998, Jim Thomas and co-workers at the University of Sheffield, UK, set out to prepare a self-assembling supramolecular cube by a combination of linear spacers, which would provide the cube edges, and pyramidal corners, which would constitute the vertices. Deconstruction of a cubic figure in this way reveals immediately that a ratio of eight corners to 12 edges is needed (Figure 10.24). 

It is nowadays more usual to carry out electrophoresis using vertical or horizontal flatbed apparatus. Polyacrylamide gels are cast in cassettes formed by two glass plates separated by spacers of the required thickness placed at the sides and bottom of the plates. The plates are clamped firmly together, and if necessary the cassette is... 

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