Lysine spacers

Recently, a selective receptor for coppcr(ll) ion consisting of a ruthenium chromophore, lysine spacer and a cyclene unit was prepared (Scheme 3). [4]... 

Naimochelin C (Fig. 15, 54) from the myxobacterium Nannocystis exedens contains two L-Lys and two ( )-cinnamic acid units. The reported mono- and di-methyl esters (nannochelin B and A) may be artifacts from the work-up (198). A synthesis is described (29) (see Sect. 8.4). The ochrobactins (Fig. 15,55) isolated from the sea-shore bacterium Ochrobactrum sp. (214) with the spacer L-lysine are membrane active due to the fatty acid residues (saturated Cg and (2 )-unsaturated Cg and Cio) cf. lipopeptidic siderophores in Sect. 2.8. 

Since this postsynthetic, chemoselective lipidation procedure bypasses all the difficulties encountered during preparative HPLC purification of lipopeptides, the a-hydrazinoacetyl peptides were further developed into a strategy of lipidation by chemoselective hydrazone formation between lipophilic glyoxaldehyde vectors and prepurified hydrazino peptides (Scheme 10).11241 The hydrazino handle can be located at the N-termini or even at preselected lysine side-chain positions. Various lipophilic vectors were proposed containing one or more fatty acids coupled via amides to spacers which in turn are linked to glyoxylic acid via an amide bond.1124-1271... 

Dextrans Anionically charged dextran Mitomycin C Amide bond between drug amine and hexamethyl spacer carboxyl Monoclonal antibody (A7) against human colon carcinoma and murine myeloma Amide bond between antibody lysine amine and spacer carboxyl Conjugate showed cytotoxicity against W 1116 colorectal carcinoma, but less activity than free mitomycin C NfT 53... 

Amide bond between antibody lysine Ne-amino groups and variable oligopeptide spacer carboxyl... 

A. Amide bond between antibody lysine N8-amino groups and glycyl spacer carboxyl fi. alkylamine bond between aldehyde of oxidized antibody carbohydrate and spacer amine... 

Peptides can also be cyclized through their side-chain functionalities (e.g. using lysine, cysteine, glutamic acid, or aspartic acid [68-71]), or with the aid of synthetic spacers ([72] see also Table 8.5). Examples have been reported of the preparation of cyclic peptides using safety-catch linkers (e.g. (4-alkylmercapto)phenol [62], sulfonamide [73], or hydrazide [74]), 2-nitrophenyl ester attachment [61], or oxime ester... 

LCAA LC-MS LDA Leu Lys Macrosorb long chain alkylamine spacer liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry lithium diisopropylamide S-leucine S-lysine cross-linked polyacrylamide adsorbed onto kieselguhr... 

Suitable affinity resins are CNBr-activated Sepharose and similarly activated jV-hydroxysuccimmide ester-based gels with spacer arms. These react with free amino groups on the peptide. If the peptide contains many lysine residues, alternative coupling systems may be used, for example, carbodiimide-activated agaroses. In our experience, however, even peptides with internal lysines make good immunoadsorbents, and we routmely use CNBr-activated Sepharose. 

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