Lumophore-spacer-receptor systems transfer

Lumophore-receptor systems where the two components are sterically held orthogonal can be considered to have a virtual Co spacer between the lumophore and receptor. Thus these systems can be approximately considered as a PET system. A deeper analysis would take twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) states [116] into account whose thermodynamics is, unsurprisingly, very similar to that of PET systems. 

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