Solvent shellac

Products and Uses In antifreeze, solvents, shellacs, dyes, utility plant fuel, and home heating oil as deicer, solvent, and oil extender. 

Shea butter (Butyrospermum parkli) Sodium xylenesulfonate solvent, shellac... 

Methyl alcohol Triethanolamine solvent, shellac coatings SD alcohol 1 SD alcohol 23-A solvent, shellacs Cyclohexanol solvent, shoe creams Decahydronaphthalene solvent, shoe dyes Furfural... 

Many older finishes can be removed with single solvents or blends of petroleum solvents and oxygenates. Varnish can be removed with mineral spirits, shellac can be stripped with alcohols, and lacquers can be removed with blends of acetates and alcohols (lacquer thinners). The removal mechanism is one of dissolving the coating, then washing the surface or wiping away the finish. This method is often used to reamalgamate or liquefy old finishes on antique items of furniture. 

As solvents, the amyl alcohols are intermediate between hydrocarbon and the more water-miscible lower alcohol and ketone solvents. Eor example, they are good solvents and diluents for lacquers, hydrolytic fluids, dispersing agents in textile printing inks, industrial cleaning compounds, natural oils such as linseed and castor, synthetic resins such as alkyds, phenoHcs, urea —formaldehyde maleics, and adipates, and naturally occurring gums, such as shellac, paraffin waxes, rosin, and manila. In solvent mixtures they dissolve cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, and ceUulosic ethers. 

Natural resins are generally described as solid or semisolid amorphous, fusible, organic substances that are formed in plant secretions. They are usually transparent or translucent yeUow-to-brown colored, and are soluble in organic solvents but not in water. The principal uses for natural resins are in varnishes, printing inks, adhesives, paper size, and polymer compositions. The term natural resins includes tree and plant exudates, fossil resins, mined resins, and shellac. They often have been altered from their original state during isolation and processing. For some appHcations, the resins have been chemically modified to increase their industrial utiUty. 

Raw lac is first treated to remove water-soluble carbohydrates and the dye that gives lac its red color. Also removed are woody materials, insect bodies, and trash. It is further refined by either hot filtration or a solvent process. In the heat process, the dried, refined lac is filtered molten through cloth or wine screens to produce the standard grades of orange shellac. In the solvent process, lac is dissolved and refluxed in alcohol solvents, filtered to remove dirt and impurities, and concentrated by evaporation. The lac can be further decolori2ed in this process to produce very pale grades. Bleached shellac is prepared by treatment with dilute sodium hypochlorite and coalesced into slabs. 

Oxidized castor oils are excellent nonmigrating, nonvolatile plasticizers (qv) for ceUulosic resins, poly(vinyl butyral), polyamides, shellac, and natural and synthetic mbber (see Rubber, natural). The high viscosity products are also used as tackifiers in gasket compounds and adhesives (qv) because of good oil and solvent resistance. They also serve as excellent pigment grinding media and as a base for inks (qv), lubricating oils, and hydrauHc oils (62). 

Cyclohexanoae is miscible with methanol, ethanol, acetone, benzene, / -hexane, nitrobenzene, diethyl ether, naphtha, xylene, ethylene glycol, isoamyl acetate, diethylamine, and most organic solvents. This ketone dissolves cellulose nitrate, acetate, and ethers, vinyl resias, raw mbber, waxes, fats, shellac, basic dyes, oils, latex, bitumea, kaure, elemi, and many other organic compounds. 

One principal use of cyclohexanol has been in the manufacture of esters for use as plasticizers (qv), ie, cyclohexyl and dicyclohexyl phthalates. In the finishes industry, cyclohexanol is used as a solvent for lacquers, shellacs, and varnishes. Its low volatiUty helps to improve secondary flow and to prevent blushing. It also improves the miscibility of cellulose nitrate and resin solutions and helps maintain homogeneity during drying of lacquers. Reaction of cyclohexanol with ammonia produces cyclohexylamine [108-91-8], a corrosion inhibitor. Cyclohexanol is used as a stabilizer and homogenizer for soaps and synthetic detergent emulsions. It is used also by the textile industry as a dye solvent and kier-boiling assistant (see Dye carriers). 

The seedlac may then be converted to shellac by either a heat process or by solvent processes. In the heat process the resin is heated to a melt which is then forced through a filter cloth which retains woody and insoluble matter. In the solvent process the lac is dissolved in a solvent, usually ethyl alcohol. The solution is filtered through a fine cloth and the solvent recovered by distillation. 

Variation in the details of the solvent processes will produce different grades of shellac. For example, when cold alcohol is used, lac wax which is associated with the resin remains insoluble and a shellac is obtained free from wax. Thermally processed shellacs were greatly favoured for gramophone records as they were free from residual solvent and also contained a small quantity of lac wax which proved a useful plasticiser. 

Shellac is soluble in a very wide range of solvents, of which ethyl alcohol is most commonly employed. Aqueous solutions may be prepared by warming shellac in a dilute caustic solution. 

For resistance to acid conditions alone, traditional filled and unfilled bituminous solutions (which have economic advantages), chlorinated rubber and shellac have been used. Crosslinking coatings, e.g. amine-cured epoxy resins, often blended with coal-tar which develops resistance to oils and solvents, have obvious advantages on chemical plant. 

Morse s Powder (or Explosive). Inexpensive expl mixts, invented by C.A. Morse in 1880, consisting of NG and resin (colophony, copal, shellac, sandarac), with or without the addition of a nitrate or chlorate. The ingredients were disd in a common solvent, such as methanol, grained as the solvent distd off. Typical examples are 1)NG 25, rosin 75%(mixed with 50p methanol) 2) NG 10, rosin 22, K nitrate 68% (mixed with 20p methanol)... 

Lacquer. A coating comprised of resins such as cellulose esters or ethers, shellac or gum, or allethyl alcohol that evaporates easily. The application process involves no chemical change, only the evaporation of the solvent leaving behind a hard, durable finish. 

Uses Solvent for cellulose acetate, crude rubber, natural resins, nitrocellulose, vinyl resins, waxes, fats, oils, shellac, rubber, DDT, and other pesticides preparation of adipic acid and caprolactum additive in wood stains, paint, PVC paints, lacquers (to prevent blushing or improve flow), and varnish removers degreasing of metals spot remover lube oil additive in PVC adhesives to control evaporation rate leveling agent in dyeing and delustering silk. 

Uses Stabilizing rubber latex solvent for albumin, casein, shellac, and sulfur neutralizing oils in antifreeze as a corrosion inhibitor emulsifier adhesives textile lubricants fungicides manufacturing chelating agents such as EOT A (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) dimethylol-ethylene-urea resins organic synthesis. 

Uses Solvent for nitrocellulose, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl butyral, rosin, shellac, manila resin, dyes fuel for utility plants home heating oil extender preparation of methyl esters, formaldehyde, methacrylates, methylamines, dimethyl terephthalate, polyformaldehydes methyl halides, ethylene glycol in gasoline and diesel oil antifreezes octane booster in gasoline source of hydrocarbon for fuel cells extractant for animal and vegetable oils denaturant for ethanol in formaldehyde solutions to inhibit polymerization softening agent for certain plastics dehydrator for natural gas intermediate in production of methyl terLbutyl ether. 

What type of solvent would you choose for shellac ... 

Dissolve shellac and sorbitane oleate in the warm solvent and then Kollidon and cetyl alcohol. Add titanium dioxide, talc and the iron oxide and mix in the colloid mill. 

Water-Based Inks. Approximately 50% of all flexographic inks use water as their primary solvent and diluent. They contain vehicles based on either acrylic emulsions, or hydrosols or an alkali-soluble rosin ester having a high acid number such as partially esterified fiimurated rosin and shellac. Carboxylated acrylic polymers, usually containing some styrene, have largely replaced natural resins because they provide better abrasion and water resistance. Ammonia or other volatile amines are used to solubilize these carboxylated resins and form resin salts. The volatile alkali evaporates from the ink film, rendering the printed matter water resistant. 

Uses n-Butyl alcohol is used extensively in a number of industries. For instance, it is used as a solvent in industries associated with the manufacture of paints, varnishes, synthetic resins, gums, pharmaceuticals, vegetable oils, dyes, and alkaloids. n-Butyl alcohol also finds use in the manufacture of artificial leather, rubber, and plastic cements, shellac, raincoats, perfumes, and photographic films. 

Used as solvent for shellacs and resins, in the manufacture of dyes and varnishes, as an antifreeze and a fuel... 

Propanol (isopropyl alcohol) 83 Solvent for shellac essential oils body rubs... 

Shellac, Bleached, occurs as an off white to tan, amorphous, granular resin. Shellac is obtained from lac, the resinous secretion of the insect Laccifer (Tachardia) lacca Kerr (Fam. Coc-cidae). Shellac, Bleached, is obtained by dissolving the lac in aqueous sodium carbonate, followed by bleaching with sodium hypochlorite, precipitation of the bleached lac with a dilute sulfuric acid solution, and drying. It is freely (though very slowly) soluble in alcohol, insoluble in water, and slightly soluble in acetone and in ether. Shellac, Bleached, is usually dissolved in a suitable solvent for application to food products. 

Copovidone forms soluble films independently of the pH value, regardless of whether it is processed as a solution in water or in organic solvents. He offers better plasticity and elasticity than other povidones. On the other hand, films are also less tacky. Kollidon VA 64 usually absorbs water, and it is seldom used as the sole filmforming agent in a formulation. Normally it is better to combine it with less hygroscopic substances such as cellulose derivates [54], shellac, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA),... 

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