Epoxy resins amine-cured

Xu, L.S. Schlup, J.R. (1998). Etherification versus amine addition during epoxy resin amine cure An in situ study using near-infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol.67, No.5, 0anuary 1998), pp. 895-90, ISSN 0021-8995. 

Chlorinated polyether Polysulphone Polytetrafluoroethylene Epoxy resin, amine-cured Epoxy resin, anhydride-cured The same filled with 65% of quartz flour The same filled with 65% of Al(OH)8 Epoxy resin, glass-laminated Epoxy resin, cycloaliphatic Expanded polystyrene Expanded polystyrene, flame-retardant Expanded polystyrene, extruded profile The same with flame-retardant Rigid polyurethane foam The same with flame-retardant Polysiocyanurate foam Flexible polyurethane foam Paraffin (candle)... 

BF Goodrich Chemical Group, Product Bulletin RLP-3, "Improving Epoxy Resins - Amine Cure Study" (6/1982). 

Solubility parameter of epoxy resin, amine cured... 

Elastomers, plastics, fabrics, wood and metals can be joined with themselves and with each other using nitrile rubber/epoxy resin blends cured with amines and/or acidic agents. Ethylene-propylene vulcanizates can also be joined using blends of carboxylated nitrile rubber, epoxy resin and a reactive metal filler (copper, nickel, cobalt). However, one of the largest areas of use of nitrile rubber modified epoxy systems is in the printed circuit board area [12]. 

It is evident that relaxation studies in the solid state can look at the motions which are responsible for the mechanical properties of the cured epoxy systems 43). Therefore, Garroway, Moniz and Resing continued to do relaxation studies 61). Garroway, et al. looked at four epoxy polymers based on the DGEBA resin. Two of the epoxy resins were cured with amines and the other two were cured with anhydrides. Proton enhanced spectra of the epoxy systems were generated. The solid state spectra were compared to the solution spectra of the unreacted epoxy. The< epoxy resin of interest was again DGEBA which was reacted with ... 

Figure 3. Effect of EME 58 (58 wt% mercaptoester units co-polymer) coupling agent concentration on the peel strength of flexible epoxy (amine-cured)/AD = acetone-degreased steel test panels following (a) I day and (b) 3 day exposure to 57°C condensing humidity. See Appendix 4 for epoxy resin and cure description.

The polyaddition reaction is the most commonly used type of reaction for the cure of epoxy resins. The curing agents used in this type of reaction have an active hydrogen compound, and they include amines, amides, and mercaptans. With this reaction mechanism, the most important curing agents for adhesives are primary and secondary amines containing at least three active hydrogen atoms and various di- or polyfunctional carboxylic acids and their anhydrides. 

Two curing agents that have found their way into many epoxy adhesive formulations are the polyamides and amidoamines. These are commonly used in the hardware store variety two-part epoxy resins that cure at room temperature. Both are reaction products of aliphatic amines, such as diethylenetriamine, and should be included under the subclassification of modified amines. However, these products have such widespread and popular use, they are addressed here as a separate classification. 

Tertiary amine salts of DMP-30 provide extended room temperature pot life (6 to 10 h at 20°C) when used at concentrations of 10 to 14 pph in liquid DGEBA epoxy resins. They cure at moderately elevated temperatures (4 to 8 h at 60°C), or even at room temperature with a heat bump. The acid moiety blocks the tertiary amine centers and deactivates them. The salt then dissociates on heating, freeing the amine groups, which are then able to react with the epoxy group. 

Blocked isocyanate prepolymers have been mixed with epoxy resins and cured with amines.18,19 These blocked prepolymers will initially react with the amines to form amine-terminated prepolymers that crosslink the epoxy resin. Urethane amines are also offered commercially for use with epoxy resins to develop hybrid adhesive systems.20... 

The physical and electrical characteristics of the anhydride cured systems are very good over a wide temperature range. Compared to amines, anhydride cured epoxies exhibit better chemical resistance to aqueous acids, but less chemical resistance to some other reagents. When epoxy resins are cured with anhydrides, the product has relatively high heat distortion temperature and low moisture sensitivity. 

Polyethylene terephthalate cannot be solvent-cemented or heat-welded. Adhesives are the prime way of joining PET to itself and to other substrates. Only solvent cleaning of PET surfaces is recommended as a surface treatment. The linear film of polyethylene terephthalate (Mylar) provides a surface that can be pretreated by alkaline etching or plasma for maximum adhesion, but often a special treatment such as this is not necessary. An adhesive for linear polyester has been developed from a partially amidized acid from a secondary amine, reacted at less than stoichiometric with a DGEB A epoxy resin, and cured with a dihydrazide.72... 

More recent efforts have focused on developments that create true hybrids. For example, blocked isocyanate prepolymers have been mixed with epoxy resins and cured with amines [68-70]. These blocked prepolymers will react initially with the amines to form amine-terminated prepolymers that cross-link the epoxy resin. Several blocked isocyanates are commercially available. The DESMOCAP (Bayer) llA and 12A products are isocyanates (believed to be blocked with nonylphenol) used as flexibilizing agents for epoxy resins. ANCAREZ (trademark. Pacific Anchor, Inc.) 2150 is a blocked isocyanate epoxy blend used as an adhesion promoter for vinyl plastisols. A one-package, heat-cured hybrid adhesive was reported consisting of isophorone diisocyanate, epoxy resin, and a dispersed solid curative based on the salt of ethylenediamine and bisphenol A [71]. Urethane amines are offered commercially that can be used with epoxy resins to develop hybrid adhesive systems [72]. 

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