Soil sterilizer

Prohibit the advertisement, supply, storage and use of pesticides unless they have been approved. Pesticides includes herbicides, fungicides, wood preservatives, plant growth hormones, soil sterilants, bird or animal repellants. 

The soil sterilizer metham (sodium methyldithiocarbamale) may act simultaneously as a fungicide, a nematodidde, and an herbicide [4, 5, 30, 41]. Metham itself is relatively toxic (the FD50 is 285 mg/ kg for white mice, and 820 mg/kg for... 

Used industrially as a soil sterilant, biocide in industrial wastewater, slimicide in pulp and paper manufacture, and as a preservative in adhesives and glues. 

Hartz TK, Boble CR, Bender DA, Avila FA (1989) Control of pink root disease in onion using solarization and fumigation. J Am Soc Hort Sci 114 587-590 Hartz TK, DeVay JE, Elmore CL (1993) Solarization is an effective soil disinfestation technique for strawberry production. Hortscience 28 104—106 Hasing JE, Motsenbocker CE, Monlezun CJ (2004) Agroeconomic effect of soil solarization on fall-planted lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Sci Hort 101 223-233. doi 10.1016/j.scienta.2003.11.001 Hasson AM, Hassaballah T, Hussain R, Abbass L (1987) Effect of solar soil sterilization on nitrification in soil. J Plant Nutr 10 1805-1809... 

Inorganic arsenicals such as arsenic trioxide, sodium arsenite, lead arsenate, calcium arsenate and Paris Green have been used for many years as soil sterilants. Organic arsenical herbicides, in which the organic group is bonded directly to the arsenic atom, have been used extensively for post-emergence control of weeds in cotton. Several of the more important herbicides are sodium cacodylate (monosodium dimethylarsenic acid) and sodium salts of methane arsonic acid. The latter compounds exist in two principal forms the monosodium salt (MSMA) at pH6.4 and the disodium salt (DSMA) at pH10.2. 

Pasture land and railroad rights of ways in connection with sugar cane operations offer additional opportunities for the use of herbicides. On one property of 100,000 acres, over 300 miles of permanent railway are maintained. Roughly half of this right of way receives one or more applications of a 2,4-D and TCA mixture each year the rest is burned. A cheap, nonpoisonous soil sterilant is indicated. All Cuban plantations have their own rail systems with similar problems, but permanent rail transportation is less common in other areas. 

Uses Preparation of propylene and dipropylene glycols, poly (propylene oxide), lubricants, oil demulsifiers, surfactants, isopropanol amines, polyols for urethane foams solvent soil sterilant fumigant. 

Uses. May occur as an intermediate in the production of chlorinated ethylenes formerly used as a solvent for cellulose ethers, resins, and gums, for dry cleaning, coal purification, as a soil sterilizing agent, and as a chemical intermediate in the production of dichloroacetic acid... 

Thompson, J.P. 1990. Soil sterilization methods to show VA-mycorrhizae aid P and Zn nutri-... 

The tetrahydrothiadiazine-2-thione dazomet (94) (B-79MI10701) breaks down in soils, to generate methyl isothiocyanate which acts as a nematocide and a soil sterilant. Tetra-chlorothiophene (95) (B-72MI10702) has also been used as a nematocide. 

The arsenicals came into limited commercial use as soil sterilants. Sodium arsenite was used extensively by the Army Corps of Engineers for control of water hyacinth in Louisiana from 1902 to 1937 (Timmons, 1970), and much more widely as an aquatic herbicide in lakes and ponds. Sodium chlorate was first used for nonselective weed control about 1926. 

Until about ten years ago, protectant foliar fungicides (such as ethylene bis-dithiocarbamates and phthalimides) and soil sterilants (such as vapam or methylbromide) were the only chemical means of controlling diseases caused by Oomycetes. These compounds are nonspecific biocides affecting many vital cell processes of both the pathogen and the host plant. This means that they are non-selective,... 

Uses fungicide/bactericide used as soil sterilant in mushroom houses and other areas also used as a silage preservative. 

Aliphatic and alicyclic amines form one of the most extensively used categories of compounds in a variety of manufacturing industries. These compounds are first-phase materials for chemical synthesis, intermediates, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, soil sterilizers, and several kinds of solvents, rubber products, rocket propellants, and plastic monomers. This chapter discusses the safety and toxicity of selected compounds handled by workers in different industries. More information and extensive literature are available in several study reports on members of this important group.31,32... 

Sodium chlorate was first used in France in 1923. It has been used chiefly as a soil sterilant for control of deep-rooted perennial weeds. Dinitrophenol was first utilized in France in 1933 for the control of annual broadleaf weeds in cereals. It has been extensively employed in cereals, legumes, and flax in the northern United States. 

X (Disinfection by-product) intermediate in the synthesis of organic chemicals laboratory reagent herbicides soil sterilizer antiseptic... 

For use on croplands, the ideal soil-borne herbicide is selective against the weeds, is tolerated by the crop, and at practical dosages should break down in the soil within one season so as not to leave a toxic residue for a subsequent crop. For use as a soil sterilant, a compound should resist leaching and breakdown so as to remain active in the soil for many years. 

Sodium chlorate has been used widely as a soil sterilant. It is readily absorbed by the roots and leaves and may be translocated throughont the plant. Its mode of action is not well understood and may be related to the high oxidizing capacity of the chlorate ion. 

If you examine the roots of almost any plant, you ll find that they are infected with a beneficial type of fungus called mycorrhizal fungus. Infection actually helps the plants by improving the uptake of nutrients, especially phosphorus. The fungi also influence a plant s ability to tolerate drought and to ward off microorganisms that attack roots. Soil sterilization and certain pesticides will discourage mycorrhizal associations. 

Diuron is used as a general pre-emergence herbicide for weed control on noncrop lands and among some agricultural crops such as asparagus, pineapple, cotton, and sugarcane. It is also used as a soil sterilant. 

Use Manufacture of arsenates, glass making, wood treating process, defoliant (regulated), desiccant for cotton, soil sterilant. 

Use Weed killer and soil sterilant, fungus control on citrus fruits (FDA tolerance 8 ppm of boron residue). 

Use Herbicide, especially for control of Johnson grass on cotton soil sterilant chemical warfare timber thinning. 

Use Separation of isomers, soil sterilant, catalyst for thermosetting resins. 

Belker, N. (1990) Environmentally friendly soil sterilization using steam. Deutscher-Gartenbau 44, 672-677. 

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